Ch 5 Shoulder General, Jeopardy, exam Review (S1) Flashcards
How many fossa’s on the scapula?
What are the names?
4
Supraspinous fossa (superior, posterior)
Infraspinous fossa (inferior, posterior)
Subscapular fossa (ventral/anterior)
Glenoid fossa (lateral, anterior)
What does the acromioclavicular joint articulate with?
Clavicle & acromion
What does the sternoclavicular joint articulate with?
clavicle & sternum
What is the medial extremity?
Sternal extremity
(Near SC joint)
What is the lateral extremity?
Acromial extremity
(Near AC joint)
Deep grove between the two tubercles?
Intertubercular groove
(Bicipital groove)
What does the sternal extremity articulate with?
Manubrium
(A part of the sternum)
What gender has shorter and less curved clavicles?
Females
Men’s is thicker and more curved
More muscles = more curve
What are the 3 borders of the scapula?
Superior border
Axillary (lateral) border
Vertebral (medial) border
What are the angles of the scapula?
Superior angle
Inferior angle
What fossa are on the dorsal side of the scapula?
Supraspinous fossa (which is superior)
Infraspinous fossa (which is inferior)
What are the fossa on the costal side of the scapula?
Subscapular fossa
On the Y view of the shoulder, what is shown on the scapula?
Coracoid process (right side)
Acromion (left side)
Inferior angle
Spine of scapula
Body of scapula
What is the costal surface of the scapula?
The anterior side
Aka ventral
What is the dorsal side of the scapula?
The posterior side
What kind of joint is the scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint?
What is another name for this joint?
Ball or socket
Spherodial
AC and SC joints are what type?
What is another name for this joint?
Plane
Or
Gliding
The mobility type for the SC, AC, and scapulohumeral joint are:
Freely moveable
Or
Diarthrodial
What rotation best shows the greater tubercle?
External rotation
What rotation best shows the lesser tubercle?
Internal rotation
For external rotation how is the hand?
Supinated
How are the epicondyles on a external rotation?
Parallel to the IR
How is the humerus in a external rotation?
AP
How is the hand in a internal rotation?
Pronated
How is the humerus in an internal rotation?
Humerus is lateral
How are the epicondyles in an internal rotation?
Perpendicular to the IR
How is the hand in a neutral rotation?
Palm facing inward (palm to thigh)
How are the epicondyles in a neutral rotation?
Oblique 45 degrees to the IR
What is the CR for AP humerus?
mid-humerus
What is the CR for Lateral humerus?
mid-humerus
What is the CR for Internal Shoulder?
1 inch inferior to coracoid process
What is the CR for Grashey?
35-45 degree LPO/RPO patient oblique
2 inches inferior 2 inches medially from supralateral border of shoulder
What is the CR for a Y shoulder view?
Neer view?
45-60 degrees LAO/RAO patient oblique to affected side
Y: at scaphoid-humeral joint
Neer: 10-15 degrees caudad
What is the CR for an Axillary shoulder?
(Superiorinferior)
Scapulohumeral joint
What is the CR for a transthoracic lateral?
surgical neck
CR for AP Clavicle:
CR for AP axial clavicle:
AP: mid-clavicle
AP-axial: 15-30 degrees cephalic
(25-30 degrees asthenic)
(15-20 for hypersthenic)
CR for AC joints:
1 inch above jugular notch, mid-point AC joints
72 Inch SID
2 views (one with weights, one without)
Why or when do we do the neutral rotation?
In trauma cases when the patient is unable to rotate
What imaging is useful for shoulder joints and rotator cuff tears?
Ultrasound
What is the Hill-Sachs defect?
A compression fx of the humeral head
Located posterolateral on articulated surface
What is idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder
Caused by chronic inflammation around the shoulder joint
Pain and limited movement
What is osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease
Non-inflammatory
Gradual deterioration
Most common arthritis and normal due to age
What is Osteopetrosis?
Causes bone to become abnormal dense
Hereditary disease
What a rotator cuff injury?
Acute or chronic trauma injury to the rotator cuff muscles:
Tere’s minor
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subcapularis
What is a shoulder dislocation?
Removal of humeral head from glenoid cavity
95% of dislocations are anterior
Radiograph visuals osteoarthritis:
Narrowing of joint space
Radiograph visuals hill-sachs defect:
Compression fx of humeral head
Radiograph visuals impingement syndrome:
Bone spurs near acromiohumeral space
Radiograph visuals idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder):
Possible calcification
Radiograph visuals shoulder dislocation:
Humeral head out of the glenoid cavity
Criteria for AP humerus
External rotation
Abduct arm, Hand supinated
CR mid humerus
48” SID
IR 14 x 17
70kvp _mAs
Include both joints (shoulder and elbow)
Epicondyles parallel to IR
Criteria for lateral humerus
Internal rotation
Hand pronated placed on hip
CR mid humerus
IR 14 x 17
SID 48”
70 kvp mAs
Include shoulder and elbow joint
Epicondyles perpendicular to IR
What is the trauma projection for lateral humerus?
Transthoracic lateral humerus
(Shoot through the body)
Criteria for transthoracic lateral projection (trauma lateral humerus)
Opposite arm on top of head
Humerus in profile place in a neutral rotation
CR: surgical neck
48” SID
IR size 14 x 17
exposure on full inspiration
70 kvp
Criteria for inferosuperior axial projection:
Supine
48” SID
CR 25 to 30 degrees medially from supralateral border
Criteria for Grashey:
48” SID
CR is 2 inches inferior 2 inches medial to the supralateral border of the shoulder
70 kvp
10 x 12 portrait
patient rotated 35-45 degrees toward affected side (LPO/RPO)
shows glenoid cavity
EXT markers
Criteria for internal shoulder:
hand pronated
CR 1 inch inferior to coracoid
SID 48”
70 KVP
shows lesser tubercle
INT markers
Criteria for Y view shoulder:
patient rotated 45-60 degrees toward affected side (LAO/RAO)
48” SID
10 x 12 portrait
CR is scapulohumeral joint
Criteria for Neer method Y view:
patient rotated 45-60 degrees toward affected side (LAO/RAO)
48” SID
10 x 12 portrait
CR is mid-scapula
10-15 degrees caudad
Criteria for AP clavicle:
(Exam review)
Colles vs smiths vs boxer fx
(Jeopardy) What position is the greater tubercle superimposed over the humeral head?
Internal rotation
(Jeopardy) When performing the west point projection this is free of superimposition?
Coracoid process
(Jeopardy) The scapular notch is located on what part of the scapula?
Superior border
(Jeopardy) Other than getting both AC joints on one image what is another reason we do 72 SID?
reduce magnification and distortion
(Jeopardy) To prevent the medial aspect of clavicles from superimposing the spine in the Grashey we would:
Oblique the patient
rotate the patient to the affected side
(Jeopardy) Why do we add weights to the AC joint projection?
to separate the joint spaces
(weight add stress and allow the shoulders to “naturally” fall)
(Jeopardy) What projection has the CR at 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medially (from axilla) to the coracoid process?
Grashey