Ch 5 - Power

Question 0

enpowerment

Answer 0

an increase in the capacity of people to bring about an intended outcome

Question 1

power

Answer 1

the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when opposed by others

Question 2

persuade

Answer 2

to get people’s compliance by convincing them of the correctness of your position and goals

Question 3

reward

Answer 3

to encourage people’s compliance by offering a positive incentive

Question 4

coerce

Answer 4

to force compliance by threatening, intimidating, pressuring, or harming someone

Question 5

power tactics

Answer 5

specific strategies people use to influence others in everyday life

Question 6

hegemony

Answer 6

a condition that exists when those in power have successfully spread their ideas and marginalized alternative viewpoints so that their perspectives and interests are widely accepted as universal and true

Question 7

legitimate power

Answer 7

authority that is voluntarily accepted by those who are affected

Question 8

illegitimate power

Answer 8

a form of authority that relies on coercion or force to generate obedience

Question 9

traditional authority

Answer 9

power that has legitimacy because of compliance with well established cultural practices

Question 10

rational-legal authority

Answer 10

power that has legitimacy because it is based on established laws, rules, and procedures

Question 11

charismatic authority

Answer 11

power whose legitimacy is derived from the extraordinary personal characteristics of an individual leader, which inspire loyalty and devotion

Question 12

privilege

Answer 12

a special advantage or benefit that not everyone enjoys

Question 13

standpoint theory

Answer 13

questions taken for granted assumptions about society by looking at it from multiple viewpoints, especially from the position from people in subordinate positions

Question 14

inequality

Answer 14

the unequal distribution of resources among groups of people

Question 15

class

Answer 15

a group of people who share a roughly similar economic position and lifestyle

Question 16

life chances

Answer 16

the opportunities offered by a person’s economic position

Question 17

social closure

Answer 17

the process whereby a status group maximizes its own advantages by restricting access to rewards only to members of the group

Question 18

inter-sectionalist theory

Answer 18

highlights the connections and interactions between various forms of inequality, especial race, class, and gender

Question 19

matrix of domination

Answer 19

the interlocking systems of oppression associated with race, class and gender

Question 20

stratification systems

Answer 20

made up of social structures and cultural norms that create and maintain inequality by ranking people into a hierarchy of groups that receive unequal resources

Question 21

social mobility

Answer 21

movement from one stratum of a stratification system to another

Question 22

caste system

Answer 22

stratification based on various ascribed characteristics determined at birth

Question 23

class system

Answer 23

features stratification determined by economic position, which results from a combination of individual achievement and family of birth

Question 24

patriarchy

Answer 24

male domination through social institutions and cultural practices