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A/P Lecture > Ch. 5 Integumentary > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of skin

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous (hypodermis)

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2
Q

Epidermis

A
  • most superficial layer
  • consists of epithelial tissue
  • prevents water loss
  • protects against abrasion and UV light
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3
Q

Cells of epidermis

A

keratinocytes and melanocytes

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4
Q

keratinocytes

A
  • produce a protein mixture called keratin (makes cells more durable)
  • all cells in all layers are these
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5
Q

melanocytes

A

contribute to skin color

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6
Q

keratinization

A

cells moving from the deeper epidermal layers to the surface and change shape and chemical composition

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7
Q

Epidermal strata

A

the many layers of cells in the epidermis (different regions)

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8
Q

Stratum basale (germinativum)

A
  • single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells
  • layer of epidermis that all cells arise from (basement membrane)
  • attach to dermis by desmosomes
  • mitosis happens, daughter cells get pushed upwards
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9
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  • consist of daughter cells from basale
  • cells are still alive
  • keratin fibers accumulate and are stockpiled
  • lamellar bodies accumulate
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10
Q

Lamellar body (SS)

A

vesicles filled with triglycerides and other lipids

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11
Q

Stratum granulosum

A
  • cells begin to flatten out and die

- lamellar bodies release lipids or fats and oils (cause the water proofing of skin)

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12
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • not much difference between here and granulosum
  • not present in all areas of the body
  • cells are dead and appear transparent
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13
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • most superficial stratum of epidermis
  • 2 to 3 dozens dead cells thick
  • cells begin to shed due to non-working desmosomes
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14
Q

Keratohylin granules

A
  • cross linking protein

- more of this, the tougher the cell

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15
Q

Thick skin

A
  • has all 5 epithelial strata

- ie. palms of hands and soles of feet

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16
Q

Thin skin

A
  • stratum lucidum is usually absent

- covers the rest of the body

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17
Q

Skin color

A

melanin, melanocytes, and melanosomes

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18
Q

Melanin

A
  • the group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color
  • absorbs UV radiation (ie. tanning)
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19
Q

Melanocytes

A
  • irregularly shaped cells that produce melanin
  • does not produce new epidermal cells
  • extend into the stratum spinosum
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20
Q

Melanosomes

A
  • transport vesicles that are filled with melanin

- cells in stratum spinosum phagocytize a portion of the melanocyte that contains melanin which contains color

21
Q

Production on melanin

A

-enzyme tyrosinase convert the aa tyrosine to dopaquinone (which can convert to a variety of active pigments, melanin being most common)

22
Q

Dermis

A

-connective tissue containing fibroblasts, a few adipocytes and macrophage

23
Q

Macrophage

A

first line of defense against foreign substances

24
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A
  • deep
  • dense irregular connective tissue that contain collagen elastic fibers
  • main layer of dermis
25
Q

Paillary layer of dermis

A

-contain dermal papillae that interdigitates with epidermis

26
Q

Dermal papillae

A
  • dermal extensions into epidermis
  • finger prints are derived from this
  • blood vessels extend into the living portions of the epidermis though this
27
Q

Cleavage lines in dermis

A

tension lines

-elastic and collagen fibers that are oriented more in some directions than in others

28
Q

Accessory structures

A

hair, glands, nails

29
Q

Hair

A

is dense and covers most of the body

30
Q

lanugo

A

delicate, unpigmented hair that is in place by the 5th or 6th month of fetal development

31
Q

Terminal hairs

A
  • long, coarse and pigmented hairs
  • replace lanugo of scalp, eyelids and brows
  • are in place at time of birth
32
Q

Vellus hairs

A
  • short, fine unpigmented hair

- replace lanugo on the rest of the body

33
Q

Anatomy of hair

A
  • root: below skin surface
  • bulb: base of hair root
  • shaft: above skin surface
34
Q

Medulla

A
  • central axis of the hair

- consists of 2 or 3 layers of cells containing soft keratin

35
Q

Cortex

A
  • forms the bulk of the hair

- consists of cells containing hard keratin

36
Q

Cuticle

A
  • -a single layer of cells that contain hard keratin

- covers the cortex

37
Q

Hair follicle

A

housed in the dermis, but it is epidermal tissue

-consists of dermal root sheath, epithelial root sheath, matrix, hair papilla

38
Q

Dermal root sheath

A

covering of hair follicle

39
Q

Epithelial root sheath

A

divided into internal and external parts

  • internal: next to the cuticle
    external: inbetween internal and root sheath
40
Q

Matrix

A
  • growth zone (produces hair)

- undifferentiated epithelial cells

41
Q

Hair papilla

A
  • where dermis of skin project into hair bulb

- contains blood vessels that provide nourshiment

42
Q

Glands

A

sebaceous, sweat, ceruminous, mammary

43
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • located in the dermis
  • simple or compound aveolar glands
  • produce sebum
44
Q

Sebum

A

hair lubercation; oily white substance rich in lipids

45
Q

Sweat glands

A

eccrine or apocrine

46
Q

Eccrine sweat

A
  • liqid sweat
  • collects tissue fluid from the dermis
  • active transport to collect Na+ and Cl+ ions and put them back into dermal tissue, solution reaches surface and is considered hypoosmotic sweat
47
Q

Apocrine sweat

A
  • housed in the sub q

- scent glands

48
Q

Ceruminous gland

A
  • modified eccrine sweat glands that are located in the ear canal
  • produce cerumen
49
Q

Cerumen

A
  • earwax

- composed of the combined secretions of ceruminous glands and sebaceous glands

A/P Lecture (6 decks)

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