Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A/P Lecture > Ch. 19 Blood > Flashcards

Ch. 19 Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of blood

A
  • transport tissue (gases, nutrients, waste products, processed molecules, regulatory molecules)
  • regulates pH and osmosis
  • maintenance of body temp
  • protection
  • clot formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma

A
  • liquid part of blood

- composed of water, proteins,ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, and regulatory substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Water in plasma

A
  • acts as a solvent and suspending medium for blood components
  • 91%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins in plasma

A

-albumins, globulins (alpha, beta, gamma), fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Albumins

A
  • makes up 58% of plasma proteins
  • partly responsible for blood viscosity and osmotic pressure
  • acts as a buffer
  • transports fatty acids, bilirubin and thyroid hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Globulins

A
  • 38% of plasma proteins

- transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alpha globulin

A
  • protects tissues from inflammation damage
  • transports thyroid hormones, lipids, and hemoglobins
  • converts ferrous iron to ferric iron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta globulin

A
  • transports iron and lipids
  • involved with immunity
  • prevents blood loss (coagulation protein)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gamma globilin

A

-involved with immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fibrinogen

A
  • 4% of plasma proteins

- formation of blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ions

A

-involved in osmosis, membrane potentials and acid base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nutrients

A
  • source of energy

- basic building block of more complex molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Waste products

A
  • Urea, uric acid, creatinine, NH3: breakdown products of protein metabolism; excreted by the kidneys
  • bilirubin: breakdown product of red blood cells; excreted as part of bile from liver to small intest.
  • lactic acid: end product of anaerobic respiration; converted to glucose by liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gases

A
  • oxygen: necessary for aerobic resp.
  • carbon dioxide: waste product of aerobic resp; as bicarbonate (helps buffer blood)
  • nitrogen: inert
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Regulatory substances

A
  • enzymes catalyze chemical reactions

- hormones stimulate or inhibit body functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serum

A

-whats left of plasma when all the solids are out (without the clotting factors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Formed elements of blood

A
  • red blood cells (erythrocytes) (95%)

- white blood cells (leukocytes) and platelets (thrombocytes) (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • no nucleus
  • biconcave disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

White blood cells

A
  • 5 different types each with specific funtction

- spherical with nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

WBC-neutrophil

A
  • granulocytes

- phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

WBC-eosinophil

A
  • granulocytes
  • release chemicals that reduce inflammation
  • attack certain worm parasites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

WBC-basophil

A
  • granulocytes

- realeases histimine, which promotes inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WBC-lymphocyte

A
  • agranulocyte
  • produces antibodies (b-cells and t-cells)
  • contributes to allergic reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

WBC-monocyte

A
  • agranulocyte
  • phagocytic cell in blood
  • leaves the blood and becomes a macrophage (which phagocytizes bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Platelet

A
  • cell fragment

- forms platelet plugs

26
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

-start with stem cells (hemocytoblast) that is in marrow

27
Q

HTP- proerythoblast

A

-where red blood cells develop

28
Q

HTP-myeloblasts

A

-where basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils develop

29
Q

HTP-lymphoblast

A

-where lymphocytes develop

30
Q

HTP-monoblast

A

-where momcytes develop

31
Q

HTP-megakaryoblast

A

-where platelets develop

32
Q

Red blood cells

A
  • lose nuclei and nearly all cellular organelles during maturation
  • main component is hemoglobin (accounts for red color)
33
Q

Primary function of RBC

A
  • transport oxygen from lungs to the various body tissues
  • transport CO2 from tissues to the lungs
  • 98.5% of oxygen in blood is transported with hemoglobin
34
Q

Primary function of RBC 2

A

-CO2 is transported in 3 ways: 7% is dissolved in plasma, 23% is combined with hemoglobin, 70% is in the form of bicarbonate ions

35
Q

Hemoglobin

A

-consists of 4 polypeptide chains and 4 heme groups (contains one iron atom)

36
Q

Forms of hemoglobin

A
  • embryonic:produced during development
  • fetal: in place by third month of development
  • adult: 60-90% is in place at birth
37
Q

Difference in hemoglobin

A
  • different affinities for oxygen

- embryonic and fetal have higher affinity because of the switching of the globin groups

38
Q

Oxyhemoglobin

A
  • oxygenated form of hemoglobin

- bright red

39
Q

Deoxyhemoglobin

A
  • hemoglobin containing no oxygen

- dark red

40
Q

Carbaminohemoglobin

A

-hemoglobin that carries CO2

41
Q

Erythropoiesis

A
  • the proces by which new red blood cells are produced

- takes about 4 days

42
Q

EPO (erythropoietin)

A
  • hormone produces mostly by the kidneys

- stimulates red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells

43
Q

Hemostasis

A

-the stoppage of bleeding

44
Q

Vascular spasm

A

-immediate but temporary constriction of a blood vessel (capillary)

45
Q

Platelet plug

A

-an accumulation of platelets that can seal small breaks in blood vessels

46
Q

Platelet plug formation

A

-platelet adhesion, release and activation, and aggregation

47
Q

Platelet adhesion

A
  • when platelets binds to collagen
  • mediated through von Willebrand factor
  • activates platelets
48
Q

Platelet release reaction

A
  • ADP, thromboxanes, and other chemicals are extruded from the platelets by exocytosis
  • ADP and thromboxane bind to their receptors and activate them
  • activated platelets release more chemicals, producing a cascade of chemical release
49
Q

Platelet aggregation

A

-fibrinogen forms a bridge between fibrinogen receptors of different platelets, resulting in a platelet plug

50
Q

Coagulation

A

-blood clotting formation for a blood vessel that is severely damaged

51
Q

Clotting factors

A
  • found within plasma

- normally inactive until needed

52
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A
  • starts in the tissues outside of the blood

- ultimately activate factor X

53
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A
  • starts within the blood

- ultimately activate factor X

54
Q

Anticoagulants

A

-prevents unwanted clotting by inhibiting one of the factors

55
Q

Clot retraction

A
  • after formation of clot, it begins to condense into a denser, compact structure
  • platelets contain actin and myosin that contract the extensions of platelets
56
Q

Clot dissolution

A

-after vessel is repaired by fibroblasts, the clot dissolves within a few days by the activity of plasmin

57
Q

Blood counts

RBC

A

-number of red blood cells per microliter of blood

58
Q

Blood counts

Hemoglobin

A

-the amount of hemoglobin in a given volume of blood

59
Q

Blood counts

Hematocrit

A

-the percentage of the total blood volume that is composed of red blood cells

60
Q

Blood counts

WBC

A

-measures the total number of white blood cells in the blood

61
Q

Blood counts

differential WBC

A

-determines the percentage of each of the five kinds of white blood cells

A/P Lecture (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions