CH. 5- Infection Control: Principles & Practices Flashcards
A disease that breaks down the body’s immune system. Is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergens such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed.
Acquired immunity
Reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances.
Allergy
Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Antiseptics
A process of properly handling sterilized and disinfected equipment and supplies to reduce contamination.
Aseptic procedures
Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.
Asymptomatic
A device for sterilization by steam under pressure.
Autoclave
Short rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
Bacilli
One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless.
Bacteria (singular: bacterium)
Capable of destroying bacteria.
Bactericidal
The division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells.
Binary fission
The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization.
Bioburden
Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Bloodborne pathogens
Abbreviated BSI; a system of precautions developed by a Seattle hospital in 1987 to prevent contact with bodily substances and fluids by using protective apparel to prevent the spread of communicable disease.
Body substance isolation
Detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
Chelating soaps or chelating detergents
A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection.
Clean (cleaning)
Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups. The three types are staphylo—–, strepto—–, and diplo—–.
Cocci
Also known as communicable disease; a disease that is spread from one person to another person. Such as the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections.
Contagious disease
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair and skin.
Contamination
Contamination that occurs when you touch one object and then transfer the contents of that object to another, such as touching skin, then touching a product without washing your hands.
Cross-contamination
The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item’s surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin.
Decontamination
A type of fungi that causes skin, hair, and nail infections.
Dermatophytes
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a ———.
Diagnosis
Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Diplococci
Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Direct transmission
An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.
Disease
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria , fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces.
Disinfectants
The process that eliminates most, but not necessarily all, microorganisms on nonporous surfaces. This process is not effective against bacterial spores.
Disinfection (disinfecting)
The ability to produce an effect.
Efficacy
Contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of an employee’s duties.
Exposure incident
Also known as cilia; slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion (moving about).
Flagella
Also known as sycosis barbae, or barber’s itch. Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods.
Folliculitis (folliculitis barbae)
Microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm.
Fungi (singular: fungus)
Capable of destroying fungi.
Fungicidal
A bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.
Hepatitis
Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids.
Hospital disinfectants
A pathogen that is most often the precursor to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). By impairing of killing the immune system affected with it, it progressively destroys the body’s ability to fight infections or certain cancers.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Also known as plantar warts; a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
The ability of the body to destroy and resist infection. ——– against disease can be either natural or acquired and is a sign of good health.
Immunity
Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
Indirect transmission
The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
Infection
The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
Infection control
Caused or capable of being transmitted by infection.
Infectious
Disease causes by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body. May or may not be spread from one person to another person.
Infectious disease
Condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain and swelling.
Inflammation
An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.
Local infection
Information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
A type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as anitbiotics.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus auraus (MRSA)
Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
Microorganism
A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon.
Mildew
Self-movement.
Motility
Also known as resuable; items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.
Multiuse
A microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers.
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
Natural immunity
Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.
Nonpathogenic
An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.
Nonporous
Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.
Occupational disease
Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host), while contributing nothing to survive of that organism. Must have a host to survive,
Parasites
Disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites.
Parasitic disease
Harmful microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Pathogenic
Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Pathogenic disease
Protective clothing and devices designed to protect an individual from contact with bloodborne pathogens; examples include gloves, fluid-resistant lab coat, apron, gown, goggles or eye shield, and face masks that cover the nose and mouth.
Personal protective equipment
Powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. They are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes.
Phenolic disinfectants
Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Items are absorbent.
Porous
A fluid created by infection.
Pus
Disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon.
Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)
A chemical process reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.
Sanitizing
A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
Scabies
Also known as disposable; items that cannot be used more than once. These items cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed, or they are damaged or contaminated by cleaning and disinfecting in exposure incident.
Single-use
Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon.
Sodium hypochlorite
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease.
Spirilla
Precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment to prevent skin and mucous membrane where contact with a client’s blood, body fluids, secretions (execpt sweat), excretions, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes is likely. Workers must assume that all blood and body fluids are potential sources of infection, regardless of the perceived risk.
Standard Precautions (SP)
Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Staphylococci
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Sterilization
Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.
Streptococci
Disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning of internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system.
Systemic disease
A ringworm fungus of the foot or athlete’s foot.
Tinea pedis
Also known as sun spots; a noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs.
Tinea versicolor
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).
Toxins
Disinfectants that kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
Tuberculocidal disinfectants
A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.
Tuberculosis
A set of guidelines published by OSHA that require that employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Universal Precautions
Capable of destroying viruses.
Virucidal
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell’s reproductive function.
Virus (plural: viruses)
