CH 11- Disorders & Diseases of the Skin

Question 1

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes; commonly known as —- simplex or —- vulgaris.

Answer 1

Acne

Question 2

Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.

Answer 2

Acne excoriee

Question 3

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

Answer 3

Actinic keratoses

Question 4

Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term for ——– is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.

Answer 4

Albinism

Question 5

Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.

Answer 5

Anhidrosis

Question 6

Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.

Answer 6

Asteatosis

Question 7

Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.

Answer 7

Atopic dermatitis

Question 8

Most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

Answer 8

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 9

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

Answer 9

Bromhidrosis

Question 10

Large blister containing watery fluid; similary to a vesicle, but larger.

Answer 10

Bulla (plural: bullae)

Question 11

Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

Answer 11

Carbuncle

Question 12

Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

Answer 12

Chloasma

Question 13

Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle; and open —— or blackhead when open and exposed to oxygen. Closed ——— are whiteheads that are blocked and do not have a follicular opening.

Answer 13

Comedo (plural: comedones)

Question 14

Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.

Answer 14

Comedogenic

Question 15

Also known as pinkeye; very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.

Answer 15

Conjunctivitis

Question 16

Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical. Occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions can cause ——- ———- (a.k.a. dermatitis venenata). Allergic ——- ——— is from exposure to allergens; irritant ——- ———- is from exposure to irritants.

Answer 16

Contact dermatitis

Question 17

Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in a accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. An example is the scab on a sore.

Answer 17

Crust

Question 18

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

Answer 18

Cyst

Question 19

Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic ———-.

Answer 19

Dermatitis

Question 20

Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

Answer 20

Dermatologist

Question 21

Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

Answer 21

Dermatology

Question 22

Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, actue or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This condition should be referred to a physician. Seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affection oily areas, is a common form of ——.

Answer 22

Eczema

Question 23

Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

Answer 23

Erythema

Question 24

Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

Answer 24

Excoriation

Question 25

Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Chapped lips or hands are -------s.

Answer 25

Fissure

Question 26

Also known as ------------ barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber's itch. Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods.

Answer 26

Folliculitis

Question 27

Also known as boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; -------- are caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles.

Answer 27

Furuncle

Question 28

Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.

Answer 28

Herpes simplex virus 1

Question 29

Strain of herpes virus that infects the genitals.

Answer 29

Herpes simplex virus 2

Question 30

Also known as shingles; a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

Answer 30

Herpes zoster

Question 31

Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.

Answer 31

Hyperhidrosis

Question 32

Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).

Answer 32

Hyperkeratosis

Question 33

Over-production of pigment.

Answer 33

Hyperpigmentation

Question 34

Abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign, or harmless.

Answer 34

Hypertrophy

Question 35

Absense of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

Answer 35

Hypopigmentation

Question 36

A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occuring in children.

Answer 36

Impetigo

Question 37

Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).

Answer 37

Keloid

Question 38

Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a -------- caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

Answer 38

Keratoma

Question 39

Abnormally thick buildup of cells.

Answer 39

Keratosis (plural: keratoses)

Question 40

Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; it is caused by blocked hair follicles. The patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint white milia.

Answer 40

Keratosis pilaris

Question 41

Freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots. Lentigenes that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar, lentigenes. Patches are referred to as large macules.

Answer 41

Lentigo

Question 42

Mark, wound, or abnormally; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

Answer 42

Lesions

Question 43

Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are ------------.

Answer 43

Leukoderma

Question 44

Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle. ------- are neither raised nor sunken.

Answer 44

Macule (plural: maculae)

Question 45

Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize). Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. ---------- may have surface crust or bleed.

Answer 45

Malignant melanoma

Question 46

Epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. ----- are more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as a laser resurfacing.

Answer 46

Milia

Question 47

Also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.

Answer 47

Milia rubra

Question 48

Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some are flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.

Answer 48

Mole

Question 49

Also known as birthmark; malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

Answer 49

Nevus

Question 50

These are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

Answer 50

Nodules