CH. 10- Skin Physiology & Histology Flashcards
Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat.
Apocrine glands
Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae.
Arrector pili muscle
Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.
Ceramides
Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. Topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources.
Collagen
Another name for a stratum corneum cell. Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.
Corneocytes
Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles.
Dermal papillae
Also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis.
Dermis
The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.
Desmosomes
Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor.
Eccrine glands
Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness.
Elastin
Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Outermost layer of skin; a thin, protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. It is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, straum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.
Epidermis
A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce ———. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin.
Eumelanin
Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.
Fibroblasts
Hair ——— and sebaceous ——— are tube-like openings in the epidermis.
Follicles
Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, ——– is the binding of a protein molecules to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced ——— End products (a.k.a. AGES). ——— alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.
Glycation
Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment.
Hair papillae
Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties.
Hyaluronic acid
———— film is an oil-water balance that protects the cells from water loss and irritation.
Hydrolipidic