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Esthetics > CH. 10- Skin Physiology & Histology > Flashcards

CH. 10- Skin Physiology & Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat.

A

Apocrine glands

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2
Q

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goose bumps and papillae.

A

Arrector pili muscle

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3
Q

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of skin’s intercellular matrix and barrier function.

A

Ceramides

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4
Q

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. Topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on the top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources.

A

Collagen

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5
Q

Another name for a stratum corneum cell. Hardened, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; these “dead” protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.

A

Corneocytes

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6
Q

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles.

A

Dermal papillae

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7
Q

Also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; support layer of connective tissue, collagen, and elastin below the epidermis.

A

Dermis

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8
Q

The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.

A

Desmosomes

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9
Q

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin’s surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor.

A

Eccrine glands

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10
Q

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness.

A

Elastin

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11
Q

Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

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12
Q

Outermost layer of skin; a thin, protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings. It is made up of five layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, straum spinosum, and stratum germinativum.

A

Epidermis

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13
Q

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color. People with dark-colored skin mostly produce ———. There are two types of melanin; the other type is pheomelanin.

A

Eumelanin

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14
Q

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.

A

Fibroblasts

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15
Q

Hair ——— and sebaceous ——— are tube-like openings in the epidermis.

A

Follicles

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16
Q

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, ——– is the binding of a protein molecules to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures, known as Advanced ——— End products (a.k.a. AGES). ——— alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.

A

Glycation

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17
Q

Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb. The papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment.

A

Hair papillae

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18
Q

Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties.

A

Hyaluronic acid

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19
Q

———— film is an oil-water balance that protects the cells from water loss and irritation.

A

Hydrolipidic

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20
Q

Lipid substances between corneum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation.

A

Intercellular matrix

21
Q

Fiberous protein of cells that is also the principle component of skin, hair, and nails; provides resiliency and protection.

A

Keratin

22
Q

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids and other proteins.

A

Keratinocytes

23
Q

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders, such as bacteria, and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system.

A

Langerhans immune cells

24
Q

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites. These white blood cells also respond to allergies.

A

Leukocytes

25
Q

Located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste.

A

Lymph vessels

26
Q

Tiny grains of pigment (coloring matter) that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis. It is a protein that determines hair, eye, and skin color; a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun.

A

Melanin

27
Q

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer.

A

Melanocytes

28
Q

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin, a complex protein.

A

Melanosomes

29
Q

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.

A

Papillary layer

30
Q

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color. People with light-colored skin mostly produce ———–. There are two types of melanin; the other is eumelanin.

A

Pheomelanin

31
Q

Tube-like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis.

A

Pores

32
Q

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sudoriferous (sweat) glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and nerve endings.

A

Reticular layer

33
Q

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis (distended or dilated surface blood vessels), and, in some cases, the formation of papules and pustules.

A

Rosacea

34
Q

Also known as oil glands; protect the surface of the skin. Sebaceous glands are appendages connected to follicles.

A

Sebaceous glands

35
Q

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricated both the skin and hair.

A

Sebum

36
Q

Also known as horny layer; outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes.

A

Stratum corneum

37
Q

Also known as the basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth.

A

Stratum germinativum

38
Q

Also known as granular layer; layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replaces cells shed from the stratum corneum.

A

Stratum granulosum

39
Q

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of the hands and soles of feet.

A

Stratum lucidum

40
Q

Also known as spiny layer; layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum (basal) layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins.

A

Stratum spinosum

41
Q

Also known as hypodermis; subcutaneous adipose (fat) tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body.

A

Subcutaneous layer

42
Q

Also known as adipose tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

A

Subcutis tissue

43
Q

Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.

A

Sudoriferous glands

44
Q

Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response.

A

T-cells

45
Q

Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended, blood vessels; commonly called couperose skin.

A

Telangiectasia

46
Q

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin’s surface.

A

Transepidermal water loss (TWEL)

47
Q

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.

A

Tyrosinase

48
Q

Also known as aging rays; longer wavelengths ranging between 320 to 400 nanometers that penetrate deeper into the skin than UVB; cause genetic damage and cell death. — contributes up to 95 percent of the sun’s ultravoilet radiation.

A

UVA radiation

49
Q

Also known as burning rays; — wavelength range between 290 to 320 nanometers. — rays have shorter, burning wavelengths that are stronger and more damaging than UVA rays. — causes burning of the skin as well as tanning, skin aging, and cancer.

A

UVB radiation

Esthetics (5 decks)

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