Ch. 5 Gender and Gender Roles Flashcards
Genetic Sex
Chromosomes: XX, XY, XXY, XO,
Anatomical Sex
physical sex: penis vs. vagina vs. indeterminate
Assigned gender at birth
girl vs. boy
Gender Identity
person’s internal sense of being male or female
Gender role
set of norms, or culturally defined expectations, that define how people of one gender ought to behave
stereotype
Oversimplified and overgeneralized belief about how each gender should behave
Cisgender
gender identity matches biological sex
Non-binary
person who rejects the binary of male vs female
Transgender
gender identity does not match biological sex
Socialization
○ The ways in which society conveys to the individual its norms or expectations for his or her behavior
Cognitive Social Learning Theory
○ Imitation and modeling
○ Depends on: language used, ability to anticipate consequences and making observations
Social Construction Theory
○ Gender is a set of practices and performances that occur through language and a political system
Queer Theory
○ Identifies meaning and realities associated with sexuality as socially constructed to serve political systems.
Gender Schema
○ Cognitive organization of the world according to gender
Agender
People who do not identify with any of the gender categories
Andorgyny
○ Combination of masculine and feminine traits or a nontraditional gender expression
Gender Dysphoria
○ Psychological distress about a mismatch between one’s gender identity and natal gender
Gender Reassignment
- Pubertal suppression
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Psychotherapy
- Surgery: complex and proceeds in several stages
Disorders of sexual development: Chromosomal Variants- Turner’s Syndrome (45 XO)
○ 1/2,500
○ Phenotypically female
○ Unable to menstruate
○ Undeveloped secondary sex characteristics
Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)
○ 1/1,000
○ Phenotypically male
○ Decreased testosterone
○ May have decreases secondary sex characteristics
○ Potential infertility
Disorders of sexual development: Prenatal Hormone Variations- Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
○ Body is unable to respond to male hormones
○ Genetically male, Phenotypically female
Disorders of sexual development: Prenatal Hormone Variations- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
○ Adrenal gland under produces cortisol and aldosterone and overproduces androgen
Genetically female, phenotypically male
Disorders of sexual development: Prenatal Hormone Variations- 5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency
○ Genetically male
○ Body does not produce enough DHT
