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Utility Test > Ch 5 electrical knowledge > Flashcards

Ch 5 electrical knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

a series of power interruptions on a transmission system whereby one interruption increases vulnerabilities and causes additional interruptions, which in turn cause further interruptions, potentially resulting in widespread
blackouts.

A

cascading outage

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2
Q

electric distribution configuration with three phases, but no common neutral wire. There is no fixed difference between phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground voltages.

A

delta construction

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3
Q

inrush of electricity caused when electrical devices, such as motors or transformers, are first switched on, at which time they can draw several times their normal operating electrical load; often occurs when circuits are first re-energized following an outage.

A

Current surge

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4
Q

Electro motive force

A

Voltage

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5
Q

the sum of resistance-inductive resistance and capacitive resistance.

A

impedance

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6
Q

electrification of a wire by passing through a moving electromagnetic field.

A

inductance

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7
Q

amperages in a conductor that are larger than those for which it is rated.

A

overcurrent

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8
Q

protective device mounted on distribution poles or crossarms that isolates line sections or protective zones in order to limit the number of customers who lose service as the result of a fault. They cut off current when an up stream recloser operates, isolating a fault in the line beyond the sectionalizer.

A

line sectionalizer

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9
Q

stationary part of an electrical generator.
Contains field windings.

A

stator

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10
Q

electric facility that does not change voltage but is used to route power through various circuits. May be strategically designed to compensate for portions of a system that are experiencing power failures, protecting circuits through disconnect switches, circuit breakers, relays, and communications systems (compare to substation).

A

Switch yard

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11
Q

wire connection between energized conductors and other electrical equipment, such as transformers.

A

taps

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12
Q

fault that affects the dielectric properties of a system for an instant, and no longer exists after the power has been restored.

A

transient fault

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13
Q

ratio between the two wire coils in a transformer; identical to voltage ratio.

A

turns ratio

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14
Q

electrical potential over a specified distance. In the context of tree-caused electrical faults, it is determined by the voltage and spacing of the lines, as well as stem diameter and species of tree. Greater branch diameter and closer phase spacing create higher gradients. The higher the gradient, the more likely a tree is to cause a fault.

A

voltage gradient

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15
Q

Luminous discharge of electricity through a gap btw 2 conductive objects

A

Spark over

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16
Q

Electricity is generated by industrial _____ through ____

A

Magnets, induction

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17
Q

Each of the 2 coils in a transformer has a different number of turns. The ratio of one to the other is ___ratio, while the proportion of the primary to secondary voltage is the ___ratio

A

Turns, voltage

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18
Q

Which type of current is typically used in power supplies

A

Alternating current

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19
Q

Ivm is an ___-based systematic process

A

Ecosystem

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20
Q

____ ____ the principal protective devices in distribution substations are designed to operate in as little as 10hz

A

Circuit breakers

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21
Q

2 examples of protective equipment

A

Circuit breakers, lighting arrestors

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22
Q

A grid based scheduling system is most likely to be used by highly ______ utilities

A

Urbanized

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23
Q

Why is utility pruning done

A

Maintain safety and right of way

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24
Q

A challenge with grid based scheduling is that circuits may traverse many grids, allowing for a variety of _____ _____

A

Tree conditions

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25
What is the max amount of foliage that should be removed in one growing season?
25%
26
The ____ has been adopted by most states as the document providing safety provisions for those working with or near electric supply equipment
Nesc (national electrical safety code)
27
Utility pruning removes the leaves and reduces a trees _______ growth, but remaining _____ may grow more
Overall, shoots
28
Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on ______ -phase lines than on _____-phase lines
Three, single
29
Ohm's Law describes the relationship between:
voltage, current, & resistance
30
Formula for power
Power = Volts × Current (P = V x I)
31
____amps may cause cardiac arrest & organ damage, &____ amps will likely kill outright. High voltage contact usually kills outright regardless of amperage.
2, 15-20
32
Protective equipment for electricity is designed to shield the system from:
faults, short circuits, & current surges
33
The potential between live conductors & the ground is known as ___-to-__ _ _ potential
phase-to-ground
34
____ ____provide defense against inadvertent re- energization.
protective grounds
35
An interruption in the flow of electricity that could lead to fire or an outage
electrical shorts
36
Amps in a conductor that are larger than those for which it is rated
Overcurrent
37
electric generation, the number of magnet revolutions per second:
Hertz
38
A point at which the level of incompatible plant species, density, height, location, condition threatens the stated management objectives and requires implementation of a control method
Action thresholds
39
Transmission circuit breakers operate in response to abnormally high_______ , abnormally low______ , & unequal ________
amperage, voltage, current
40
The value which if exceeded could expose a widespread area to instability or cascading outages:
interconnection reliability operating limit (irol)
41
electric facility that is used to route power through various circuits (it does not change voltage):
Switchyard
42
Graphical representation of alternating current:
Sine wave
43
Inrush of electricity:
Surge
44
System that automatically collects data & enables remote control switching operations
supervisory control and data acquisition (scda)
45
Electricity is usually generated at distribution voltage typically between__-_kV
7.5-13.8 kV
46
Volt is also called
Electromotive force
47
Region where transmission or extra high transmission lines are connected.
Transmission interconnect
48
Used to manage the electrical network
Switches
49
Ratio btw the 2 wire coils in a transformer, similar to voltage ratio
Turns ratio
50
The proportion of primary to secondary voltage of a transformer
Voltage ratio
51
Utility system _____ allows the efficient transmission of electricity to areas of greatest need at a particular moment, which also makes system more susceptible to ______
Interactivity, blackouts
52
In an electric transmission or distribution system, the activation of a protective devise
Operations
53
In an electric utility system a high priority electric distribution supply line carries electricity from distribution substations to other primary distribution supply lines or transformer
Feeder
54
unintentional and undesirable conducting path or blockage of current in an electrical system
Fault
55
Sustained service interruption
Outage
56
Current that is bypassing a designed conducting path
Short circuit
57
common return path for an electri- cal circuit or physical connection to the earth
Ground wire
58
disruption of electrical supply.
Interruption
59
transient faultin an elec- trical system, lasting from 33 to 133 milliseconds.
Momentary interruption
60
Electrically operated swich
Relay
61
designed for use on overhead electricity distribution networks to detect and interrupt transient faults. Resets quickly
Recloser
62
Total duration of customer interruptions/total number of customers. Measures number of minutes average customer is out of power over a year
SAIDI/System average interruption duration index
63
It is a measure of the number of outages experienced by the average customer over a year
SAIFI/System average interruption frequency index
64
electrically connected to the earth, pro- viding a path for the flow of electricity to prevent accidental energizing.
Grounded
65
Caused by load lost whenever a current flows into a coil (transformer)
Inductive reactance
66
A charge that builds up between long parallel conductors. Portion of load slightly impeded current
Capacitive reactance

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