Ch. 5 Clinical Instruements Flashcards
What is a dental instrument?
OBJECT OR
A TOOL THAT IS USED TO DO CERTAIN
PROCEDURES in clinic or lab
What are the three parts of a dental instrument?
- Handle diaphysis
- Shank
- blade
What is the handle?
Longest part where dentist holds instrument
What is the Shank?
joints the handle with the working end
What is the working end?
Blade or Nib
What is a blade?
On cutting instruments, has a cutting edge
What is the nib? (2)
- On a non-cutting instrument
- Has a face or point
What are the classifications of dental instruments (action way)? (2)
1) PURE MANUAL ACTION
2) LINKED TO ENERGY SOURCE
Pure manual action instruments are used for…? (7)
- dental exploration
- dental fillings
- endodontics
- periodontics
- surgery and extraction
- oral surgery
- impressions
What instruments are pure manual action?
- mirror
- explorer
- pliers
What does the mirror do? (4)
- To provide indirect vision
- to retract lips
- cheeks and tongue
- to reflect light into the mouth
What does the explorer do? (4)
- To examine teeth for caries
- calculus
- Single or doubled ended.
- used less because can create lesions
What do pliers do?
-transfer items or material into and out of oral cavity
What instruments are for dental fillings? (7)
- Black spoon excavator
- Dappen Glass
- amalgam carrier
- amalgam condensers
- composite condenser
- groove conformer
- excavator and chisel
What does the black spoon excavator do? (3)
- remove carious dentin
- shape internal parts of cavities
- has a range of sizes
What is dappen glass?
used to mix cements
What is amalgam carrier?
For carrying amalgam to the cavity
What is an amalgam condenser?
to condense and pack the amalgam into the cavity
What are the shapes of amalgam condensers? (3)
spherical
cylindrical
conical
What is a composite condenser? (2)
- Condense and pack composite into cavity
- can be plastic or metallic
What is a groove conformer?
Instrument for shaping the surface of the filling material
What is a excavator and chisel?
cutting instruments for carving the surface of the filling material
What are the types of excavators and chisels? (3)
hollenback
cleoid
discoid
What are the instruments are used for endodontics? (7)
- files
- nerve removers
- ruler
- space conformers
- guttapercha
- rubber dam
What are the objectives for the instruments used in endodontics? (5)
A. Debriding and cleaning the root canal.
B. Removal of all infected dentin.
C. Smoothing of the canal walls.
D. Selective preparation of curved canal walls.
E. Tapering of the canal to receive a filling.
What are the lengths of files? (4)
21, 25, 28, 31
What is a nerve remover?
Removes nerves
What is a ruler? (2)
determines length of the root
*can also use an electronic apex locator
What is a space conformer? (2)
- creates space around the guttapercha on the sides so you can add more
- DOESNT condense it in
What is guttapercha?
Material used to seal
root canals once they
have been properly
cleaned
What does a rubber dam do?
- provide operating field free from oral contamination
- prevent pateint from inhaling or swallowing root canal instruments
- gives good visual acces by retracting lips and tongue
What tooth has the longest root, where you will use the 31 mm file?
canines
What are files?
used to clean and shape the root
What instruments are used for periodontics? (3)
- periodontal probes
- curettes
- hoes
What instruments are used for surgery and extraction?
-forceps
What are forceps?
used with elevators to extract teeth
What are the parts of the forceps? (3)
- valves or beaks
- joint
- arms or handle
What are valves? (3)
- part of the forceps
- designed to fit around the curve of the crown
- aka BEAKS
What is the joint? (2)
- part of the forceps
- allows the valves and handle to be opened
What is the arm/handle? (3)
- part of the forceps
- serrated handle
- allows operator to have better grip
What are periodontal probes?
-measures loss of atatchment/bone loss
What are curettes and hoes used for?
eliminating calculus
What are the differences with forceps?
The angle or the valve/bulb
What angle do forceps have for upper teeth
180 degrees
What angle do the forceps have for the lower teeth?
90 degrees
Each extraction forceps is designed for …?
a particular area of the mouth
What is an elevator used for?
to loosen and elevate teeth
in their sockets prior to
extraction
What are the three parts of an elevator?
- blade/working end
- shank
- handle
What is the blade/working end of an elevator?
functional, elevating end
What is the shank of an elevator?
- area between the working end and handle
- straight or angled
What is the handle of the elevator?
Part of instrument that the operator holds
What are the instruments for oral surgery? (5)
- scalpel
- scissors
- retractors
- sutures
- needle holder
What does a scalpel do?
makes incisions
What do scissors do?
cut soft tissues
What do retractors do?
- help in visibility
- protect tissues
What are sutures?
stitches
What does a needle holder do?
heal by closing tissue after surgery
What instruments are used for impressions?
-trays
What is a dental tray?
INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO CARRY THE
IMPRESSION MATERIAL TO THE MOUTH
What materials can be used in dental trays? (3)
- alginate
- plaster
- silicones
What is the function of trays? (3)
- To hold the impression material.
- Can be perforated for better retention.
- Have a handle (during placement and removal)
What is a negative?
“holes of the teeth” in an impression
What types of impression trays exist? (2)
- metal
- plastic
What instruments are linked to energy sources? (4)
- ROTATORY
- ULTRASONICS
- LIGHT FOR DENTAL CURE
- LASERS
What is a rotatory instrument?
Those instruments which need a system able
to make the burs revolve around their own
axis
Rotatory instruments help to make dental
treatment more _______ for the patient.
comfortable
Rotatory instruments _____ the amount of
time needed to complete procedures
reduce
Dental burs Are used to cutting … (3)
hard tissues (enamel, dentin)
Each dental bur has a ___ function
particular
The end of the shank
determines
which handpiece will
fill into
high speed or low speed
Dental bur materials are… (4)
made from different materials (tungsten carbide,
diamond)
What are the parts of burs? (3)
a) WORKING PART or HEAD
b) NECK
c) SHANK
What are the three types of handpieces?
- high speed
- straight
- low speed
Attachment of high speed handpiece
dental unit
attachment of straight handpiece
electric motor = micromotor
attachment of low speed handpiece
electric motor = micromotor
hand pieces are used with what to avoid pulp damage? why?
water to cool the tooth
What is the advantage of the high speed handpiece?
quicker and less vibrations
What procedures do we use rotatory instruments for? (t6)
Caries removal Polishing of restorations Dental preparations Implants Surgery Prosthesis
