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Intro to clinic > Ch. 5 Clinical Instruements > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Clinical Instruements Flashcards

1
Q

What is a dental instrument?

A

OBJECT OR
A TOOL THAT IS USED TO DO CERTAIN
PROCEDURES in clinic or lab

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2
Q

What are the three parts of a dental instrument?

A
  • Handle diaphysis
  • Shank
  • blade
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3
Q

What is the handle?

A

Longest part where dentist holds instrument

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4
Q

What is the Shank?

A

joints the handle with the working end

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5
Q

What is the working end?

A

Blade or Nib

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6
Q

What is a blade?

A

On cutting instruments, has a cutting edge

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7
Q

What is the nib? (2)

A
  • On a non-cutting instrument

- Has a face or point

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8
Q

What are the classifications of dental instruments (action way)? (2)

A

1) PURE MANUAL ACTION

2) LINKED TO ENERGY SOURCE

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9
Q

Pure manual action instruments are used for…? (7)

A
  • dental exploration
  • dental fillings
  • endodontics
  • periodontics
  • surgery and extraction
  • oral surgery
  • impressions
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10
Q

What instruments are pure manual action?

A
  • mirror
  • explorer
  • pliers
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11
Q

What does the mirror do? (4)

A
  • To provide indirect vision
  • to retract lips
  • cheeks and tongue
  • to reflect light into the mouth
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12
Q

What does the explorer do? (4)

A
  • To examine teeth for caries
  • calculus
  • Single or doubled ended.
  • used less because can create lesions
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13
Q

What do pliers do?

A

-transfer items or material into and out of oral cavity

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14
Q

What instruments are for dental fillings? (7)

A
  • Black spoon excavator
  • Dappen Glass
  • amalgam carrier
  • amalgam condensers
  • composite condenser
  • groove conformer
  • excavator and chisel
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15
Q

What does the black spoon excavator do? (3)

A
  • remove carious dentin
  • shape internal parts of cavities
  • has a range of sizes
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16
Q

What is dappen glass?

A

used to mix cements

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17
Q

What is amalgam carrier?

A

For carrying amalgam to the cavity

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18
Q

What is an amalgam condenser?

A

to condense and pack the amalgam into the cavity

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19
Q

What are the shapes of amalgam condensers? (3)

A

spherical
cylindrical
conical

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20
Q

What is a composite condenser? (2)

A
  • Condense and pack composite into cavity

- can be plastic or metallic

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21
Q

What is a groove conformer?

A

Instrument for shaping the surface of the filling material

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22
Q

What is a excavator and chisel?

A

cutting instruments for carving the surface of the filling material

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23
Q

What are the types of excavators and chisels? (3)

A

hollenback
cleoid
discoid

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24
Q

What are the instruments are used for endodontics? (7)

A
  • files
  • nerve removers
  • ruler
  • space conformers
  • guttapercha
  • rubber dam
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25
Q

What are the objectives for the instruments used in endodontics? (5)

A

A. Debriding and cleaning the root canal.
B. Removal of all infected dentin.
C. Smoothing of the canal walls.
D. Selective preparation of curved canal walls.
E. Tapering of the canal to receive a filling.

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26
Q

What are the lengths of files? (4)

A

21, 25, 28, 31

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27
Q

What is a nerve remover?

A

Removes nerves

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28
Q

What is a ruler? (2)

A

determines length of the root

*can also use an electronic apex locator

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29
Q

What is a space conformer? (2)

A
  • creates space around the guttapercha on the sides so you can add more
  • DOESNT condense it in
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30
Q

What is guttapercha?

A

Material used to seal
root canals once they
have been properly
cleaned

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31
Q

What does a rubber dam do?

A
  • provide operating field free from oral contamination
  • prevent pateint from inhaling or swallowing root canal instruments
  • gives good visual acces by retracting lips and tongue
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32
Q

What tooth has the longest root, where you will use the 31 mm file?

A

canines

33
Q

What are files?

A

used to clean and shape the root

34
Q

What instruments are used for periodontics? (3)

A
  • periodontal probes
  • curettes
  • hoes
35
Q

What instruments are used for surgery and extraction?

A

-forceps

36
Q

What are forceps?

A

used with elevators to extract teeth

37
Q

What are the parts of the forceps? (3)

A
  • valves or beaks
  • joint
  • arms or handle
38
Q

What are valves? (3)

A
  • part of the forceps
  • designed to fit around the curve of the crown
  • aka BEAKS
39
Q

What is the joint? (2)

A
  • part of the forceps

- allows the valves and handle to be opened

40
Q

What is the arm/handle? (3)

A
  • part of the forceps
  • serrated handle
  • allows operator to have better grip
41
Q

What are periodontal probes?

A

-measures loss of atatchment/bone loss

42
Q

What are curettes and hoes used for?

A

eliminating calculus

43
Q

What are the differences with forceps?

A

The angle or the valve/bulb

44
Q

What angle do forceps have for upper teeth

A

180 degrees

45
Q

What angle do the forceps have for the lower teeth?

A

90 degrees

46
Q

Each extraction forceps is designed for …?

A

a particular area of the mouth

47
Q

What is an elevator used for?

A

to loosen and elevate teeth
in their sockets prior to
extraction

48
Q

What are the three parts of an elevator?

A
  • blade/working end
  • shank
  • handle
49
Q

What is the blade/working end of an elevator?

A

functional, elevating end

50
Q

What is the shank of an elevator?

A
  • area between the working end and handle

- straight or angled

51
Q

What is the handle of the elevator?

A

Part of instrument that the operator holds

52
Q

What are the instruments for oral surgery? (5)

A
  • scalpel
  • scissors
  • retractors
  • sutures
  • needle holder
53
Q

What does a scalpel do?

A

makes incisions

54
Q

What do scissors do?

A

cut soft tissues

55
Q

What do retractors do?

A
  • help in visibility

- protect tissues

56
Q

What are sutures?

A

stitches

57
Q

What does a needle holder do?

A

heal by closing tissue after surgery

58
Q

What instruments are used for impressions?

A

-trays

59
Q

What is a dental tray?

A

INSTRUMENTS DESIGNED TO CARRY THE

IMPRESSION MATERIAL TO THE MOUTH

60
Q

What materials can be used in dental trays? (3)

A
  • alginate
  • plaster
  • silicones
61
Q

What is the function of trays? (3)

A
  • To hold the impression material.
  • Can be perforated for better retention.
  • Have a handle (during placement and removal)
62
Q

What is a negative?

A

“holes of the teeth” in an impression

63
Q

What types of impression trays exist? (2)

A
  • metal

- plastic

64
Q

What instruments are linked to energy sources? (4)

A
  • ROTATORY
  • ULTRASONICS
  • LIGHT FOR DENTAL CURE
  • LASERS
65
Q

What is a rotatory instrument?

A

Those instruments which need a system able
to make the burs revolve around their own
axis

66
Q

Rotatory instruments help to make dental

treatment more _______ for the patient.

A

comfortable

67
Q

Rotatory instruments _____ the amount of

time needed to complete procedures

A

reduce

68
Q

Dental burs Are used to cutting … (3)

A

hard tissues (enamel, dentin)

69
Q

Each dental bur has a ___ function

A

particular

70
Q

The end of the shank

determines

A

which handpiece will
fill into

high speed or low speed

71
Q

Dental bur materials are… (4)

A

made from different materials (tungsten carbide,

diamond)

72
Q

What are the parts of burs? (3)

A

a) WORKING PART or HEAD
b) NECK
c) SHANK

73
Q

What are the three types of handpieces?

A
  • high speed
  • straight
  • low speed
74
Q

Attachment of high speed handpiece

A

dental unit

75
Q

attachment of straight handpiece

A

electric motor = micromotor

76
Q

attachment of low speed handpiece

A

electric motor = micromotor

77
Q

hand pieces are used with what to avoid pulp damage? why?

A

water to cool the tooth

78
Q

What is the advantage of the high speed handpiece?

A

quicker and less vibrations

79
Q

What procedures do we use rotatory instruments for? (t6)

A 
Caries removal
Polishing of restorations
Dental preparations
Implants
Surgery
Prosthesis

Intro to clinic (12 decks)

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