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Intro to clinic > Ch. 2 Dental Decay or Dental Caries > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Dental Decay or Dental Caries Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most common diseases throughout the world

A

Dental decay/caries

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2
Q

What are dental caries

A

-INFECTIOUS, PROGRESSIVE DISEASE THAT
AFFECTS THE DENTAL TISSUE, WITH DENTAL
TISSUE LOSS

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3
Q

What is characteristic to the advanced stages in dental caries? (2)

A
  • cavities can affect permanent and primary teeth

- affects external dental tisues and root canal (dental pulp)

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4
Q

What happens during tooth decay?(2)

A
  • demineralization of hard tissues (enamel, dentin, cementum)
  • destruction of organic matter
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5
Q

What are the hard tissues (3)

A
  • enamel
  • dentin
  • cementum
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6
Q

Is there enamel on the root? What other tissues can we find?

A

no

dentin & cementum

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7
Q

What is the organic matter of the tooth?

A

-pulp

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8
Q

How many stages of dental decay are there?

A

5

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9
Q

Another term for dental decay?

A

Caries

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10
Q

What occurs during stage 1 of dental decay?

A
  • whiteish enamel
  • white spot
  • demineralization of enamel
  • incipient carious lesion
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11
Q

What is reversible during the progression of decay? (2)

A
  • white stains are reversible

- stages 1 & 2

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12
Q

What occurs during stage 2 of dental decay?

A

irregularities in the enamel

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13
Q

What occurs during stage 3 of dental decay?

A

Cavity of the dentin

-tissue lost cannot be regenerated

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14
Q

Which stage in dental decay is irreversible?

A

3-5

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15
Q

What occurs during the 4th stage of dental decay?

A
  • destruction of crown

- pulp affection

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16
Q

What occurs during the 5th stage of dental decay?

A

Pulp necrosis

17
Q

What causes cavities? (4)

A
  • susceptible tooth
  • time
  • sugar
  • bacteria
18
Q

How do bacteria cause caries? (2)

A
  • acidogenic bacterial
  • colonize tooth in presence of fermentable carbohydrates
  • convert carbs to acids through glycolytic fermentation
19
Q

What are fermentable carbs? (3)

A
  • sucrose
  • fructose
  • glucose
20
Q

What makes an individual susceptible to different degrees?(3)

A
  • shape and position of teeth
  • oral hygiene habits (accumulation of dental plaque)
  • buffering capacity of saliva
21
Q

What is the name of the bacteria causing caries?

A

streptococci mutans

22
Q

What oral hygiene habits remove plaque? (4)

A
  • proeper brushing and flossing
  • mouthwash
  • waterpick
  • interdental brushes
23
Q

What can prevent caries? (3)

A
  • oral hygiene
  • diet modification
  • flouride treatments
  • sealants
24
Q

Caries develop in acidic or basic environments?

A

acidic

25
Q

What diet modifications help with caries preventation?

A
  • minimizing chewy & stick foods
  • increase protective food (cheese)
  • minimize snaking
26
Q

How do flouride treatments help with caries prevention?

A

recalcifying tooth enamel

27
Q

Where can we find flourides for dental care? (4)

A
  • barnish
  • gel
  • mouthwashes
  • toothpaste
28
Q

How do sealants help with caries prevention?

A

avoid food being trapped inside

29
Q

How do we diagnoses caries? (2)

A
  • exploration with a mirror

- X-rays (bitewing)

30
Q

What do we never use for the diagnosis of caries?

A

panoramic X-ray

31
Q

What can we see with dental X-rays?

A
  • interproximal caries
  • extension
  • pulp affection
32
Q

What are the intraoral radiographs? (2)

A
  • bite-wing x rays

- periapical x-rays

33
Q

What are bite-wing x-rays used for?

A
  • Caries diagnosis

- crowns posterior teeth, molars + premolars

34
Q

What are periapical x-rays used for?

A
  • in endodontics

- entire length of each tooth (Crown to root)

35
Q

What are extraoral radiographs?

A

-panoramic x-rays

36
Q

What are panoramic x-rays used for? (4)

A
  • film outside mouth
  • teeth, jaw, skull
  • growth and development
  • impacted teeth

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