CH 5 Case Study Vocab Flashcards
Acute myocardial ischemia
Sudden decrease in blood flow to the heart muscle
Angina
Sharp pain in the chest resulting from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle
*Also called angina pectoris
Antiarrhythmic
Pertaining to a drug that works against or prevents abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias)
Anticoagulant
Drug that prevents clotting (coagulation)
Coronary angiogram
X-ray record of blood vessels surrounding the heart
Diuretic
Drug that causes kidneys to allow more fluid (as urine) to leave the body
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Myocardial infarction
Death of tissue in the heart muscle
*Also known as a heart attack or an MI
Nitroglycerin
Drug that relaxes muscle and opens blood vessels
Spasm
Involuntary, sudden muscle contraction
Stent
Tube inserted into an artery, blood vessel, or duct to keep it open
Ventricular arrhythmias
Abnormal heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart
Anemic
Pertaining to anemia
Anemia: deficiency of hemoglobin and/or in numbers of red blood cells, resulting in reduced delivery of oxygen to body cells
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstrual flow
Fibroids
Benign growths of muscle tissue in the uterus
Hysterectomy
Excision of the uterus, either through the abdominal wall or through the vagina
Leiomyoma
Benign tumor derived from smooth (involuntary or visceral) muscle, most often of the uterus
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding from the uterus during menstruation
Sonogram
Record of sound waves after they bounce off of organs in the body
Ultrasound
Sound waves with greater frequency than can be heard by the human ear, used to detect abnormalities by beaming the waves into the body and recording echoes that reflect off tissues
Chemotherapy
Treatment with drugs, most often used in the treatment of cancer
Diagnosis
Complete knowledge of a patient’s condition
Fatigue
State of exhaustion or loss of strength
Hepatic
Pertaining to the liver
Hodgkin lymphoma
Malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Disease of the lymph nodes
Mediastinal
Pertaining to the mediastinum
Mediastinum: space between the lungs in the chest
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
Image of the body with magnetic and radio waves
Needle biopsy
Removal of living tissue for microscopic examination by inserting a hollow needle through the skin
Prognosis
Prediction that forecasts the outcome of treatment
Radiotherapy
Treatment of disease (cancer) with high-energy x-rays or particles such as photons and protons
*Also called radiation therapy
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Hematuria
Abnormal condition of blood in the urine
Lithotripsy
Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract using ultrasonic vibrations
*Also called extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Renal calculus
Kidney stone
Symptoms
Subjective changes in the body
Ureter
One of two tubes that lead from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Barium
Substance used as a radiopaque (x-rays cannot pass through it) contrast medium for x-ray examination of the digestive tract
Dyspepsia
Painful digestion
Gastrectomy
Excision of the stomach
Gastroscopy
Visual examination of the stomach
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood
Ulcer
Sore or defect in the surface of an organ
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series
Barium is swallowed, and x-ray images are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
Aorta
Largest artery that leads from the lower left chamber of the heart to arteries all over the body
Carcinoma
Cancerous tumor
CT scan
Computed tomography study
Series of x-ray images showing organs in cross section (transverse view)
*Also called CAT scan
Hilum
Depression at the part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter
Lateral
Pertaining to the side
Posteroanterior
Pertaining to direction from back to front
Pulmonary artery
Artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Insulin pump
Portable, battery-powered device that delivers insulin through the abdominal wall in measured amounts
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst
Polyuria
Excessive urination
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Disorder marked by lack of insulin in the blood, causing sugar to remain in the blood rather than entering cells
Callus
Bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of a fractured bone
Also a painless thickening of skin cells in areas of external pressure of friction
Femur
Thigh bone
Fibula
Smaller lower leg bone
Fixation
Act of holding, sewing, or fastening a part in a fixed position
Fracture
Breaking of a bone
Infiltrate
Material that accumulates in an organ, usually solid material or fluid in the lungs
Intra-abdominal
Pertaining to within the abdomen
Pelvis
Lower part of the trunk of the body including the hip bone, tailbone, and sacrum
Antihypertensive
Drug that reduces high blood pressure
Arteriovenous fistula
An abnormal communication between an artery and a vein
Can also be created surgically to provide access for hemodialysis
Chronic
Lasting a long time or recurring
Hemodialysis
Use of a kidney machine to filter blood to remove waste materials such as urea
Blood leaves the body, enters the machine, and is carried back to the body through a catheter
Hypotensive
Pertaining to low blood pressure or to a person with abnormally low blood pressure
Renal failure
Condition in which the kidneys no longer function
Acute
Sharp, sudden, and intense for a short period of time
Aura
A strange sensation coming before more definite symptoms of illness
Often precedes a migraine or epileptic seizure, warning the patient that an attack is beginning
Cephalgia
Headache
Dilation
Widening or dilatation
Frontal
Pertaining to the front or anterior
Migraine
Attack of headache, usually on one side of the head, caused by changes in blood vessel size and accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light
Nausea
Unpleasant sensation in the upper abdomen, often leading to vomiting
Scotoma
Defect in vision in a defined are (blind spot)
Unilateral
Pertaining to one side
Vasoconstrictor
Drug that narrows blood vessels, especially small arteries
