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Radiation Physics > Ch. 5 Book > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Book Flashcards

1
Q

Electrons and protons are the ___ units of electric charge.

A

Smallest

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2
Q

Electrostatics is the study of:

A

stationary electric charges

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3
Q

Are both electrons and proton free to travel from the outermost shell of one atom to another?

A

No. Electrons are!

Protons on the other hand are fixed inside the nucleus of an atom and are not free to move

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4
Q

An object is said to be ___ if it has too few or too many electrons.

A

Electrified

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5
Q

In what ways can electrification be created?

A

Contact
Friction or Induction

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6
Q

During a thunderstorm, wind and cloud movement can remove electrons from one cloud and deposit them on another, in what way was this Electrification created?

A

By induction

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7
Q

Unlike charges attract, like charges ____

A

Repel

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8
Q

The magnitude of the electrostatic force is given by what law?

A

Coulombs Law

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9
Q

The electrostatic force is very strong when objects are close, but decrease rapidly as objects separate.
This ____ relationship for electrostatic force is the same as that for x ray intensity.

A

Inverse Square

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10
Q

Electric charges have ___ energy

A

Potential

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11
Q

The unit of electric potential is the:

A

volt (V)

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12
Q

The higher the voltage, the ___ potential to do work.

A

Greater

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13
Q

Electrodynamics is the study of:

A

electric charges in motion

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14
Q

What is a conductor?

A

Any substance through which electrons easily flow

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15
Q

Most metals are good electric conductors, _____ is one of the best.

A

Cooper

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16
Q

Is water a good conductor?

A

Yes, because of the salts and other impurities it contains.

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17
Q

What’s an insulator?

A

Any material that does not allow electron flow

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18
Q

What is a semiconductor?

A

A material that under some conditions behaves as an insulator and in other conditions behaves as a conductor

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19
Q

Increasing electric resistance results in a _____

A

Reduced electric current

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20
Q

What is electric current measured in?

A

amperes (A)

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21
Q

One ampere is equal to an ____

A

Electric charge of 1 C flowing through a conductor each second

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22
Q

Electric potential energy is measured in____

A

volts (V)

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23
Q

Electric Resistance is measured in:

A

ohms

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24
Q

Electric current is the:

A

flow of electrons through a conductor each

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25
Q

What is a direct current?

What is an alternating current?

A

Direct: electrons flow in one direction along the conductor

Alternating: current in which electrons oscillate back and forth

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26
Q

Electric Power is measured in:

A

watts (W)

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27
Q

Common household electric appliances, such as toasters, mixers, etc generally require ___ to ___ W of electric power.

A

500 to 1500

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28
Q

Any charged particle in motion creates a ____

A

magnetic field

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29
Q

The magnetic field of a charged particle such as an electron in motion is ____ to the motion of that particle.

A

perpendicular

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30
Q

The intensity of the magnetic field is represented by _____ lines

A

Imaginary

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31
Q

The electron spin created a magnetic field, which is neutralized in ____ pairs.
Therefore, atoms that have a ____ number of electrons in any shell exhibit a very ___ magnetic field.

A
  • Electron
  • Odd
  • Small
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32
Q

The imaginary lines of magnetic field are always ____ loops.

33
Q

The lines of magnetic field do not start or end as the lines of an electric field do.
Such a field is called ____

A

dipolar , it always has a north and South Pole.

34
Q

The small magnet created by the electron orbit is called:

A

a magnetic dipole

35
Q

An accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned creates a ____

If all the magnetic domains are aligned, it acts like a ___

A
  • Magnetic Domain
  • Magnet
36
Q

Under normal circumstances, magnetic domains randomly distributed.

True or False

37
Q

What is Magnetic Permeability?

A

the ability of a material to attract the lines of magnetic field intensity

38
Q

What are the three principals types of magnets?

A

Naturally Occurring
Artificially Induced
Electromagnets

39
Q

What an example of a natural magnet, artificially produced, and electromagnets?

A
  • Earth
  • A Compass
  • Wire wrapped around an iron core
40
Q

The intensity of the magnetic field is ___ to the electric current.

A

proportional

41
Q

Diamagnetic materials:

A

are weakly repelled by either magnetic pole. (Not attached to a magnetic)

Examples: Water and Plastic

42
Q

Ferromagnetic materials include:

A

iron, cobalt, and nickel
These are strongly attracted by a magnetic

43
Q

Paramagnetic material:

A

Lie somewhere between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic.
They are very slightly attracted to a magnet and are loosely influenced by an external magnetic field.

44
Q

The degree in which a material can be magnetized is its:

A

Magnetic susceptibility

45
Q

Wood has ___ susceptibility

Iron has a ____ susceptibility

46
Q

Like magnetic poles ___, and unlike magnetic poles ____ .

A
  • Repel
  • Attract
47
Q

Ferromagnetic can be strongly ____

A

Magnetized

48
Q

If the distance between two bar magnetic is halved, the magnetic force ___

A

Increases by four times

49
Q

The SI unit of magnetic field is the:

50
Q

1 Tesla (T) = ______

A

10,000 gauss (G)

51
Q

Does earth have a strong magnetic field?

A

No.
Far less than the magnet on a cabinet door latch

52
Q

Any charge is motion induces what?

A

a magnetic field

53
Q

Does a charge at rest produce a magnetic field?

A

No.

Electrons that flow through a wire produce a magnetic field about that wire.

54
Q

A coil of wire is called a:

55
Q

Magnetic field can be intensified further by ____

This device is called what?

A

Wrapping the coil wire around a ferromagnetic material such as iron.
The iron core intensifies the magnetic field.

  • Electromagnet
56
Q

What is an electromagnet?

A

current-carrying coil of wire wrapped around an iron core

57
Q

To induce a current with the use of a magnetic field, what must happen?

A

The magnetic field cannot be constant but must be changing

58
Q

Faradays Law
The magnitude of the induced electric current depends on four factors:

A

1) Strength of the magnetic field
2) The velocity of the magnetic field as it moved past the conductor
3) The angle of the conductor to the magnetic field
4) The number of turns in the conductor

59
Q

What is a prime example of electromagnetic induction?

A

Radio Reception

60
Q

Intensity of the magnetic field at the wire must be ___ to induce an electric current. If the magnetic field intensity is constant, there will be ___ induced current.

A
  • Constant
  • No
61
Q

Varying magnetic field intensity induces an ____

A

Electric Current

62
Q

An induction motor powers the rotating ___ of an x ray tube

63
Q

Another device that used the interacting magnetic fields produced by changing electric currents is the:

A

Transformer

64
Q

The transformer does not convert one from of energy into another but rather transforms…..

A

electric potential and electric current into higher and lower intensity

65
Q

A ___ changes the intensity of alternating voltage and current.

A

Transformer

66
Q

A transformer will operate only with a _____

A

changing electric current (alternating current)

67
Q

A direct current (DC) applied to the primary coil will induce a current in the secondary coil.
True or False

A

FALSE , NO current

68
Q

The change in voltage is __ proportional to the ratio of the number of turns of the secondary coil.

A

Directly
This means, if there are 10 turns on the secondary coil for every turn on the primary coil, the. The voltage generated in to secondary coil will be 10 times the folate supplied to the primary circuit.

69
Q

The voltage change across the transformer is ___ to the turns ratio.

A

Proportional

70
Q

Resistor Function:

A

Inhibits flow of electrons
(Know the Symbol)

71
Q

Battery

A

Provides electric potential

Know the Symbol

72
Q

Capacitor

A

Momentarily stores electric charge

Know the Symbol

73
Q

Ammeter

A

Measure electric current

Know the Symbol

74
Q

Voltmeter

A

Measure electric potential

Know the Symbol

75
Q

Switch

A

Turns circuit on or off by providing infinite resistance

Know the Symbol

76
Q

Transformer

A

Increases or decreases voltage by fixed amount (AC only)

77
Q

Rheostat

A

Variable resistor

Know the Symbol

78
Q

Diode

A

Allows electrons to flow in only one direction

Know the Symbol)l

Radiation Physics (12 decks)

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