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Radiation Physics > Basic Physics Ch. 2 TEST 1 > Flashcards

Basic Physics Ch. 2 TEST 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic units?

A

Time (the second)
Length (the meter)
Mass (amount of matter)

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2
Q

What are the four forces?

Remember to know this forces in the correct order, each force in the correct order, is many magnitudes of times stronger than the preceding force.

A

Gravity- attacks all forms of matter together

Weak Nuclear Force- responsible for radioactivity in nuclei of atoms

Electromagnetism- behavior of all magnets and electrical charges

Strong Nuclear Force- Holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus of atoms Electromagnetism

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3
Q

Stronger the force, the ____ the particles affected.

Is gravity strong?

A
  • Smaller
  • No gravity is weak! (Weakest of the four fundamental forces of nature)
    Huge amounts of mass are required in order to “feel it”
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4
Q

What is Energy?

A

The ability to change the motion or state of an object; the ability to do work

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5
Q

What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another

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6
Q

What is a transducer?

A

Any decide that can convert one form of energy to another

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7
Q

Name the six forms of energy:

A

Chemical
Electrical
Thermal
Electromagnetic
Nuclear
Mechanical (motion)

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8
Q

What is mechanical energy further divided into?

What’s an important thing to remember about this?

A

Kinetic (motion) and Potential (position)

Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy must ALWAYS be the same!

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9
Q

What are the 3 familiar states of matter?

(Describe Each)

A

Solids - Definite Shape and Volume

Liquids - Indefinite Shape / Definite Volume

Gas - Indefinite Shape and Volume
Can be compressed or expanded so they can take on the shape and volume of a container

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10
Q

The 3 familiar states of matter can be defined by answering whether they have a ____ , ____ and ____ ?

A
  • definite unchanging shape
  • whether they take up a definite
  • unchanging volume
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11
Q

Derived Units:

A

All other units are serviced units. They can be reduced to the 3 standard units.

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12
Q

Joule:

KVP:

A
  • Basic unit of energy
  • Kilovoltage Peak is the maximum voltage applied to an X-ray tube to produce X-rays
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13
Q

Rest Energy:

A
  • The energy released if any particle is “annihilated” or changed into pure energy, discounting any speed or motion it had.
  • Energy an object possesses when it is at rest, directly related to its mass
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14
Q

What is Quantum Physics?

A

The study of all relationships and interactions between atoms and waves of radiation.

  • A single x-ray or light ray is called quantum (quanta for plural) or a photon
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15
Q

Space is measured in:

A

Length

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16
Q

Every ___ has an energy equivalent and every __ has a mass equivalent measured in_____.

A

Mass
Energy
Grams

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17
Q

Although energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can change ____ . One form it can take is, ___ shown by Einstein equation ___

A

Form
Matter
E=m(c^2)

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18
Q

When an electron drops down from a “shell” to lower orbit closer to the nucleus, its ____ is converted into ____ in the form of a light wave or x ray.

A
  • Positional potential energy
  • Electromagnetic potential energy
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19
Q

A single x ray or light ray is called ____ or a photo

A

Quantum

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20
Q

Pascals Law states:

A

In an enclosed liquid system, any pressure applied to the liquid will be transmitted undiminished throughout the system (because liquid will not compress)

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21
Q

Gases can be compressed or expanded, so they take on the shape and volume of their container.
True or False?

A

True!

22
Q

Liquids:

A

Take on the shape of their container, but they strongly resist being compressed (or expanded) in order to preserve their volume

23
Q

Melting:

A

Solid to liquid

24
Q

Freezing:

A

Liquid to solid

25
Q

Condensation:

A

Gas to liquid

26
Q

What is Evaporation:

A

Liquid to gas

27
Q

Fluids are:

A

Anything that flows, and include liquids and gases

28
Q

Heat is defined as:

A

the flow of internal energy from one molecule or object to another

29
Q

Internal energy has two components:

Kinetic energy in the form of its ____

Potential energy in the form of its ____

A

Temperature
State

30
Q

What is convection?

A

Stirring hot fluid into cooler fluid

31
Q

What is radiation:

A

Electromagnetic waves conveying energy from one object or substance to another

32
Q

Conduction:

A

Strongly vibrating molecules of the hot object frequency “bump into” those of cooler objects, causing them to jostle about, raising their kinetic energy

Google Definition:
the transfer of heat or electricity through direct contact between matter

33
Q

Thermal Conductors and Thermal Insulators:

A
  • Transmits heat readily
  • Transmit heat poorly
34
Q

Gravity does what?

A

attacks all forms of matter together

35
Q

Weak Nuclear Force is responsible for:

A

responsible for radioactivity in nuclei of atoms

36
Q

Electromagnetism is the:

A

behavior of all magnets and electrical charges

37
Q

Strong Nuclear Force holds:

A

Protons and neutrons within the nucleus of atoms Electromagnetism

38
Q

A single x-ray or light ray is called
______ or a photon

A

quantum (quanta for plural)

39
Q

Time:
The second, is now based on _____

A

The number of times a cesium atom vibrates

40
Q

Length:
The meter, now based on_____

A

The distance light travels in 0.0000033

41
Q

Mass is an amount of ____, not an amount of weight.
Mass is measured in grams or kilograms!

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A
  • Matter
  • Location
42
Q

Are the standard units universal?

Space is measured in ____

A
  • Yes!
  • Length
43
Q

One centimeter is about the width of ____

A

your smallest finger nail

44
Q

One millimeter is about the diameter of a ___

A

pinhead

45
Q

Review:

Common Conversions in other physics folder!!
and
Prefixes, Abbreviations, and Magnitudes in other physics folder!

A
46
Q

The unit Angstrom, Å, is __ or ___ of a meter, especially suited for x ray and atoms.

A

10-10
or
ten-billionth

47
Q

The wavelength of medical x rays range from ___ - ___ Å

A

0.1-0.5 Å
- This is 10-50 billionths the size of a pinhead!

48
Q

A single typical atom is about ___ in diameter.

A

1 Angstrom Å

49
Q

Explain The Inverse Square Law:

A
  • Most forces and all types of radiation follow the inverse square law because they spread out evenly in all directions
  • Law of areas
  • Radiation spreads out from a central point according to the square of the increasing distance.
50
Q

In science, an inverse-square law is

A

Any scientific law stating that the observed “intensity” of a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity

Radiation Physics (5 decks)

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