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Oral Pathology, Stephen > Ch 5 Bacterial infections > Flashcards

Ch 5 Bacterial infections Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial skin infection caused by Strep pyogenes and Staph aureus

A

Impetigo (Bullous and Non-bullous forms)

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2
Q

Which age group is most commonly affected by Bullous impetigo

A

infants and newborns

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3
Q

Bullous impetigo usually caused by which bacteria: Strep pyogenes or Staph aureus

A

Staph aureus

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4
Q

What is protective against impetigo transmission

A

Intacts skin and good hygeine

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5
Q

How will bullous impetigo normally progress

A

fragile vesicles that rupture and form thin brown crusts

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6
Q

treatment options for bullous impetigo

A

1 week systemic antibiotics: cephalexin, fluclaxacillin, amoxicillin-cluvanic aci

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7
Q

Treatment of non-bullous impetigo

A

topical mupirocin

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8
Q

Found when tonsillar crypts fill w/ desquamated keratin and foreign material, then become secondarily colonized w/ bacteria, usually Actinomyeces, which become a form of foul-smelling material

A

Tonsilar concretions

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9
Q

Tonsillar concretions that undergo dystrophic calcification form

A

Tonsilloliths

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10
Q

Treatment of tonsilloliths

A

Suctions, local excision, or removal of tonsils are recurrence is common

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11
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

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12
Q

2 main modes of syphilis transmission and why

A

Sexual contact Mother to child

Treponema pallidum is very vulnerable to drying

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13
Q

What is a rare way to get syphilis currently due to better screening procedures

A

blood transmission/exposure to infected blood

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14
Q

Is Syphillis curable, and if so how

A

Curable via IM antibiotic benzathine penicillin

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15
Q

4 types/stages of syphilis

A

Primary Secondary
Tertiary
Congenital

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16
Q

Which stages of syphilis are most infectious

A

Primary and Secondary

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17
Q

When must syphilis be treated to avoid transmission during pregnancy

A

within 5-6 months of getting pregnant

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18
Q

What characterizes primary syphilis

A

Chancre

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19
Q

Where does a chancre first appear and in what time period

A

At point of initial exposure w/in 3-90 days after exposure and lasting 4-6 weeks

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20
Q

Most common site for oral syphilitic chancre and its characteristic

A

lip most common, painless, clean based ulceration with regional lymphadenopathy

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21
Q

What can a syphilitic chancre on the lip be mistaken for

A

Cancer

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22
Q

When does Secondary Syphillis start

A

4-10 weeks after initial infection

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23
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of Secondary syphilis

A

Flu like symptoms, symmetrical, reddish pink maculopapular non-itchy skin rash

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24
Q

The zones of intense exocytosis and spongiosis of the oral mucosa with zones of sensitive whitish mucosa during secondary syphilis are called

A

mucous patches

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25
What are condyloma lata
rash becomes flat broad whitish papules in moist areas of body
26
What is the difference in chancres in primary versus secondary syphilis
Secondary has multiple lesions
27
When will secondary syphilis resolve
w/in 3-12 weeks, but can relapse into secondary during the next year
28
The period after secondary syphilis that a person is free of lesions and symptoms
latent syphilis
29
When is a patient with latent syphilis more contagious, early or late
early
30
How treat a patient with early latent syphilis
single IM injection of long acting penicillin
31
How treat a patient with late latent syphilis
3 weekly injections
32
When will tertiary syphilis show up
1-10 years after initial infection
33
Which stage of syphilis is the most serious
Tertiary
34
What systems will tertiary syphilis affect
Cardiovascular, CNS, sight
35
What is the character of the inflammation associated with tertiary syphilis
granulomatous that is focal
36
The active site of granulomatous inflammation that is indurated, nodular, or ulcerated in tertiary syphilis
gumma
37
Gummas of tertiary syphilis are most common where orally
palate and tongue, palate commonly perforates into sinus
38
Diffuse atrophy and loss of the dorsal tongue papillae produce what condition in tertiary syphilis
Leutic glossitis, was thought previously to be cancerous, but is not
39
What is Argyll-Robertson pupil-diagnostic sign for the neurological diagnosis of tertiary syphilis
thin and irregular pupils constrict for focusing but not in response to light
40
Shuffling gate of tertiary syphilis due to neurological involvement called
Tubes dorsalis (locomotive ataxia)
41
3 things tertiary syphilis can cause cardiovascularly
syphilitic aneurysm Aortic aneurysm | Aortic regurgitation
42
This syphilis present in utero and at birth when child is born to mother with primary or secondary syphilis
Congenital syphilis
43
What stage will a baby that survives birth with congenital syphilis go directly to
Secondary
44
3 pathognomonic diagnostic features of Hutchinson’s triad for Congenital syphilis
Hutchinson’s teeth | Ocular interstitial keratitis 8th Nerve deafness
45
5 physical characteristics of person living with congenital syphilis (look likewhat cartoon character)
Frontal Bossing Short maxilla High Arched palate Saddle Nose Rhagades [looks a bit like Mr. Magoo]
46
What are rhagades
furrows around mouth giving appearance of premature aging
47
What other names for Hutchinson’s teeth as part of the triad for congenital syphilis
Hutchinson’s incisors | Mulberry molar, Fournier’s molars, Moon’s molars
48
Hutchinson’s incisors resemble what
Flat head screwdriver with a central hypoplastic notch
49
When will interstitial keratitis in congenital syphilis appear and how will it look
between 5 and 25, opacified corneal surface with resultant loss of vision
50
Can there be false positives for syphilis by using spiral shaped bacteria in oral smears
yes, because there are other treponemes in the mouth
51
2 specific tests for syphilis
Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (TPHA) Fluorescent Treponemal Antibodgy Absorption (FTA-ABS)
52
What is the only good thing that came out of the Tuskegee Syphillis study
National Research Act requiring government to review and approve all studies on human subjects
53
Most common reportable bacterial infection in the United States
Gonorrhea
54
Bacteria that causes Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhea
55
What is protective against gonorrhea inoculation without sexual contact
intact stratified squamous epithelium
56
Most important female complication of gonorrhea
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
57
Neisseria gonorrhea Gram stain and shape
Gram negative diplococcic
58
If you have gonorrhea what other STD are you treated for concurrently
Chlamydia
59
Antibiotics used to treat gonorrhea and Chlamydia
Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
60
Most common site of oropharyngeal gonorrhea and its symptoms
pharynx, tonsils, uvula. Asymptomatic or mild- moderate sore throat and diffuse oropharyngeal erythmea
61
Oral gonorrhea can mimic what other pathology, but what is absent in oral gonorrhea
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis but without the fetor oris
62
What is the gonorrhea transmitted to newborn’s eyes from an infected mother
Gonococcal Opthalmia Neonatum
63
3 drugs used for prophylaxis against gonococcla ophthalmia neonatorum
Opthalmic erythromycin Tetracycline | Silver nitrate
64
What is the clinical symptom for men with gonorrhea infection
pain on urination with urethral discharge
65
Chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB)
66
What is key for testing tuberculosis
distinguish infection from active disease
67
2 types of tuberculosis
Primary and Secondary
68
Tuberculosis that occurs in previously unexposed people and almost always involves the lungs, commonly the result of direct person-to-person spread through airborne droplets from someone with active disease
Primary tuberculosis
69
Can you get oral Tuberculosis only
No, it is always secondary to pulmonary and is rare
70
Primary Tb infection results in what and where
localized fibrocalcified nodule at the initial site of involvement
71
What is key to getting tuberculosis
long term exposure to large number of respiratory droplets from a person with active tuberculosis
72
What is the test for the tuberculosis exposure
Purified protein derivative (PPD)
73
Secondary tuberculosis normally occurs how and in what type of patient
active disease later in life from a reactivation in a person previously infected and associated with compromised immunity
74
Synonymn for secondary tuberculosis describing its diffuse granulomas
Miliary Tuberculosis
75
4 synonymns for Tuberculosis
Consumption Lupus vulgaris Miliary Scrofula
76
Skin involvement of tuberculosis. A diffuse unremitting skin infection
Lupus vulgaris
77
Oral lesions associated with tuberculosis have what character
hronic, painless ulcer
78
This tuberculosis infection characterized by enlargement of the oropharyngeal lymphoid tissues and cervical lymph nodes and transmitted by drinking contaminated milk
Scrofula
79
4 ways to diagnose Tuberculosis
Mantous or PPD skintest Chest X-ray Culture of sputum for Gram Neg diplococcic Mycobacterial stains
80
What is the cause of the formation of granulomas, called tubercles, which are a classic histologic presentation of Tb
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction
81
Gangrenous disease leading to tissue destruction of face
noma
82
What causes Noma
pportunistic infection caused by components of normal oral flora that become pathologic during periods of compromised immunity
83
Predisposing factors for Noma
``` Malnutrition Dehydration Poor oral hygiene Poor sanitation Recent illness (e.g. Tuberculosis, measles) Malignancy Immunodeficiency (e.g. AIDS) ```
84
What illness normally precedes Noma
Measels
85
What age group does Noma mostly affect
children 2-6 years old
86
How treat Noma
Antibiotics (penicillin or metronidazole) along with wound care, OHI, better nutrition and hydration. Prevent w/ vaccinations from childhood illness. Repair with plastic sugery
87
Actinomycosis is
infection of filamentous, branching, Gram positive anaerobic bacteria. Not fungal
88
Causitive bacteria of actinomycosis
Actinomyces israelii
89
Where is actinomycosis likely to sequester
deep, e.g. fractures, gunshot wounds
90
3 clinical features of actinomycosis infection
acute deep supurative abscess multiple draining sinus tracts | sulfur granules
91
What area is common on the head and neck for actinomycosis infection
Area over the angle of the mandible
92
2 main treatments for actinomycosis infection
prolonged high doses antibiotics Abscess drain and excise sinus tract
93
Infectious disorder that begins in the skin but classically spreads to the adjacent lymph nodes
Cat scratch disease
94
Most common cause of regional lymphadenopathy in children
Cat Scratch disease
95
What is the bacterial cause of Cat Scratch disease
Bartonelle henselae, a gram negative rod
96
Clinical features of Cat Scratch disease
tender regional lymphadenopathy | Sterile supportive papules at scratch site w/in 3-14 days
97
How long can regional lymphadenopathy remain in Cat Scratch disease
3 weeks post scratch lasting for several months
98
What can make Cat Scratch disease hard to diagnose
Primary site of inoculation has healed before patient presents with lymphadenopathy
99
Cat Scratch disease treatment
self limiting with or without treatment in 1-2 months. Can give analgesics for pain, aspirate nodule, local heat
100
One of most common health complaints in US
Sinusitis
101
What are the bilateral sinuses of the adult
Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Mastoid
102
What is the key to sinus disease
the osteomeatal complex with its narrow openings as primary site for inspired air foreign matter

Oral Pathology, Stephen (13 decks)

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