ch 5 Flashcards
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values
socialization
a person’s distinct sense of identity as developed through social interaction
self
the process by which old behaviors are removed and new behaviors are learned in their place
resocialization
a group made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests
peer group
the role that our social environment plays in self-development
-based on social class, religion, gender
nurture
the influence of our genetic makeup on self-development
- through the study of twins scientists have proven that there are similarities when people have the same genetics.
nature
the way people learn what is “good” and “bad” in society
moral development
the informal teaching is done in schools that socialize children to societal norms
hidden curriculum
the common behavioral expectations of general society
generalized other
the process by which new members of a total institution lose aspects of their old identities and are given new ones
degradation ceremony
the way we prepare for future life roles
anticipatory socialization
- personality and sexual development were closely linked, and he divided the maturation process into psychosexual stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
- that people’s self-development is closely linked to early stages of development,
- failure to properly engage in or disengage from a specific stage results in emotional and psychological consequences throughout adulthood.
Sigmond Freud’s psychological perspective of self-development
- personality continued to change throughout someone’s life
- self-development gave credit to more social aspects, like the way we negotiate between our own base desires and what is socially accepted
Erick Erickson’s phycological perspective of self-development
- development of self-evolved through a negotiation between the world as it exists in one’s mind and the world that exists as it is experienced socially.
- who focused specifically on the role of social interactions in their development.
Jean Piaget’s phycological perspective of self-development
-people’s self understanding is constructed, in part, by their perception of how others view them—a process termed “the looking glass self”
Charles Cooley’s sociological perspective of self-development
- In order to engage in this process of “self,” an individual has to be able to view him or herself through the eyes of others.
- not an ability that we are born with
George Mead’s sociological perspective of self-development
preparatory, play, and game stage, then to learn the idea of generalized other.
Mead’s path of developement of self
children are only capable of imitation: they have no ability to imagine how others see things.
preparatory stage
during which children begin to take on the role that one other person might have.
play stage
stage, children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how those roles interact with each other.
game stage
stage where young children experience the world around them only through their senses.
preconventional (Kolhberg first stage of moral development)
stage where teens become increasingly aware of others’ feelings and take those into consideration when determining what’s “good” and “bad.”
conventional (Kohlberg second stage of moral development )
stage when people begin to think of morality in abstract terms
post-conventional (Kohlberg third stage of moral development )
- suggested that boys and girls do have different understandings of morality. Boys appeared to have a justice perspective, by placing emphasis on rules and laws. Girls, on the other hand, seem to have a care and responsibility perspective; they consider people’s reasons behind behavior that seems morally wrong.
- have not been replicated by subsequent researchers.
- neither perspective was “better”: the two norms of justice served different purposes.
- that boys are socialized for a work environment where rules make operations run smoothly, while girls are socialized for a home environment where flexibility allows for harmony in caretaking and nurturing (Gilligan
Gilligan moral development and gender
