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sociology 210 > ch 4 > Flashcards

ch 4 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • how a subjective reality can drive events to develop in accordance with that reality, despite being originally unsupported by objective reality
  • if men define something as real, then they are real in its consequence
A

Thomas theorem

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2
Q

the responsibilities and benefits that a person experiences according to his or her rank and role in society

A

status

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3
Q

a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture

A

society

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4
Q

how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group

A

social integration

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5
Q

an idea that becomes true when acted upon

A

self-fulfilling prophecy

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6
Q

patterns of behavior that are representative of a person’s social status

A

roles

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7
Q

an array of roles attached to a particular status

A

role-set

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8
Q

stress that occurs when too much is required of a single role

A

role strain

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9
Q

the expression of a role

A

role performance

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10
Q

a situation when one or more of an individual’s roles clash

A

role conflict

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11
Q

a belief that modern society should be built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition

A

rationalization

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12
Q

the laborers in a society

A

proletariat

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13
Q

societies based around the domestication of animals

A

pastoral societies

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14
Q

a type of social order based around an acceptance of economic and social differences

A

organic solidarity

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15
Q

a type of social order maintained by the collective consciousness of a culture

A

mechanical solidarity

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16
Q

our reflection of how we think we appear to others

A

looking-glass self

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17
Q

a situation in which an individual is trapped by social institutions

A

iron cage

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18
Q

the act of implanting a convention or norm into society

A

institutionalization

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19
Q

societies based on the production of nonmaterial goods and services

A

information societies

20
Q

societies characterized by a reliance on mechanized labor to create material goods

A

industrial societies

21
Q

societies that depend on hunting wild animals and gathering uncultivated plants for survival

A

hunter-gatherer societies

22
Q

societies based around the cultivation of plants

A

horticultural societies

23
Q
  • the idea that society is constructed by us and those before us, and it is followed like a habit
  • each action repeated frequently becomes a pattern that can be performed in the same manner in the future
A

habitualization

24
Q

societies that operate on a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection

A

feudal societies

25
Q

a person’s beliefs and ideology that are in conflict with her best interests

A

false consciousness

26
Q

the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society

A

collective conscience

27
Q

the awareness of one’s rank in society

A

class consciousness

28
Q

a way of organizing an economy so that the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) are owned by individual people and companies rather than by the government

A

capitalism

29
Q

the owners of the means of production in a society

A

bourgeoisie

30
Q

the status outside of an individual’s control, such as sex or race

A

ascribed status

31
Q

a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness

A

anomie

32
Q

an individual’s isolation from his society, his work, and his sense of self

A

alienation

33
Q

societies that rely on farming as a way of life

A

agricultural societies

34
Q

the status a person chooses, such as a level of education or income

A

achieved status

35
Q
  • 10,000 to 12000 years ago
  • kinship and tribe
  • hunted wild animals for food
  • were nomads
  • ex aborigines and Bambuti
A

hunter and gather society

36
Q

-7500 years ago tamed and bred animals grew their own plants
-nomadic because they had to follow their animals
relied on the domestication of their animals
-special occupation started
-trading started with close societies
-Maasai villagers

A

pastoral society

37
Q

-7500 years ago
- lived where steady rainfall let them grow a stable amount of crops
-depended on the environment for survival
-didn’t have to move their location of resources
-able to start pertinent settlements
first revolution to human survival

A

horticulture society

38
Q

-3000 bc
-learned to rotate crops and reuse waste products
-tools were made of metal
-settlements grew into towns and cities
-contemplative and thoughtful activities
-dawn of civilization
nobility started

A

agriculture society

39
Q
  • power lies wherein those who can store and distribute knowledge
  • people are likely sellers or service providers
A

postindustrial societies

40
Q
  • If I do not submit to the conventions of society, if in my dress I do not conform to the customs, the ridicule I provoke, the social isolation in which I am kept, produce the same effects as punishment
  • mechanical and organic solidarity
  • believed cultural glue that held society together was failing
  • like Comte and Spencer
  • anomie
A

Emile Durkheim and functionalism

41
Q
  • appeared in times of social revolution
  • called capital government a dictatorship of the business owners
  • described modern society in terms of alienation
  • idea that false consciousness should be replaced by class consciousness so the society would be ready for social revolution
  • split between owners and labors
A

Karl Marx and conflict theory

42
Q
  • thought industrialization would have a negative effect on society
  • split between owners and labors
  • based on non-economic factors
  • class and status determine a person’s power
  • rationalization
  • more interested in a person’s experience of social divisions rather than divisions themselves
  • believes that people will get trapped in bureaucracy and institutions in what is called an iron cage which is believed to be the final condition in humanity
A

Max Weber and social interactionism

43
Q

to present ourselves how we want to be perceived

A

impression management

44
Q

An industrial worker does not have the opportunity to relate to the product he labors on.

A

Alienation from the product of one’s labor.- Marx

45
Q

A worker does not control the conditions of her job because she does not own the means of production.

A

Alienation from the process of one’s labor. -Marx

46
Q

Workers compete, rather than cooperate.

A

Alienation from others.

47
Q

is a loss of connectivity between a worker and her occupation.

A

Alienation from one’s self. - Marx

sociology 210 (7 decks)

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