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AP Human Geography > Ch. 5/6: Language/Religion > Flashcards

Ch. 5/6: Language/Religion Flashcards

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1
Q

A system of communication through speech, a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning

A

Language

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2
Q

To be used for official documents and public objects (e.g. road signs and money)

A

Official language

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3
Q

Refers to a system of written communication

A

Literacy tradition

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4
Q

Collection of language-related through a distant common ancestral language

A

Language family

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5
Q

Collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language

A

Language branch

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6
Q

Collection of languages within a branch

A

Language group

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7
Q

-Predominately people from South Asia, North America, and Latin America
- 2/3 of the world’s population speaks a language under this branch

A

Indo-European

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8
Q
  • e.g. Mandarin Chinese
  • Spoken in the People’s Republic of China and smaller countries
A

Sino-Tibetan

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9
Q
  • e.g. Arabic
  • Spoken in Southwestern Asia and North Africa (and bits of East Africa)
A

Afro-Aslatic

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10
Q

Informal Latin

A

Vulgar Latin

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11
Q

A theory made by Marija Gimbutas stated that Proto-Indo-European ancestral language and diffused while traveling

A

Kurgan/Nomadic Warrior Theory

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12
Q

A theory made by Colin Renfrew that the 1st speakers of English of Proto-Indo-European lived in present-day Turkey and emigrated to Europe and South Asia

A

Renfrew Hypothesis/ Secondary Farmer Hypothesis

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13
Q

Modern English evolved from which Germanic tribes

A

Angles, Saxons, and Jutes

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14
Q

A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native language are different

A

Lingua franca

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15
Q

A language that contains more than 2 language combined

A

Pidgin language

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16
Q

Symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words

A

Logograms

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17
Q

Regional variations of a language

A

Dialects/Accents

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18
Q

A dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication

A

Standard language

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19
Q

Word-usage boundary

A

Isogloss

20
Q

A language that results from using a colonizer’s language with an indigenous language

A

Creole/Creolized Language

21
Q

A language unrelated to any other language, therefore, not attached to any language family

A

Isolated language

22
Q

A language that is no longer used anymore

A

Extinct language

23
Q

3 Largest Religions

A
  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • Buddhism
24
Q

Folk Religions

A
  • Hinduism
  • Judaism
  • Animism
25
Q

Attempt to be global, not just for one certain culture or group

A

Univeralizing religion

26
Q

Primarily to one group of people living in one place

A

Ethnic/Folk Religion

27
Q

Belief that God doesn’t exist

A

Atheism

28
Q

Belief that nothing can be known about whether God exists

A

Agnoticism

29
Q

A large and fundamental division within a religion (e.g. Orthodoxy)

A

Branch

30
Q

A division of a branch that unifies a number of local congregations (e.g. Roman Catholicism)

A

Denomination

31
Q

Where are Sikhs located?

A

In the Punjab region of India

32
Q

to refer to the practices of ancient people who had multiple gods with human forms (e.g. the Greeks)

A

Pagan

33
Q

Dispersion of people outside of their original homeland

A

Diaspora

34
Q

How are pagodas evidence of Buddhism’s diffusion?

A

People would move to different countries to build them

35
Q

Set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe

A

Cosmogony

36
Q

Journey for religious purposes to a sacred place

A

Pilgrimage

37
Q

Well-defined geographic structure and organizes territory into local administrative units (e.g. Roman Catholics - pope)

A

Hierarchial religion

38
Q

A religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally (e.g. Islam)

A

Autonomus religion

39
Q

Strict adherence to bring back basic principles of a religion (e.g. the Taliban in Afghanistan)

A

Fundamentalism

40
Q

Sacred place of Hinduism

A

Ganges River

41
Q

Sacred place of Islam

A

the Hajj in Mecca

42
Q

Saced place of Christianity

A

Jerusalem and St. James road

43
Q

Sacred place of Judaism

A

the Western Wall in Jerusalem

44
Q

Sacred place for Buddhism

A

Lumbini, Nepal (Buddha’s birth place)

45
Q

Only one language is spoken

A

Monolingual states

46
Q

More than one language is spoken

A

Multilingual states

47
Q

When a group of people take control of a country and make everyone follow their orders

A

Conquest theory

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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