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AP Human Geography > Ch. 2/3: Population and Health/ Migration > Flashcards

Ch. 2/3: Population and Health/ Migration Flashcards

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1
Q

Highly clustered/ concentrated regions in the world

A

East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia

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2
Q

Smaller concentrated/ emerging regions

A

Eastern North America and West Africa

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3
Q

Permanent human settlement

A

Ecumene

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4
Q

Sparsely populated by humans

A

Non-ecumene

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5
Q

Total # of objects in an area

A

Arithmetic density

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6
Q

of people supported by a unit area of arable land

A

Physiological Density

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7
Q

The ratio of # of farmers to arable land

A

Agricultural density

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8
Q

Total # of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive

A

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

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9
Q

Total # of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people

A

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

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10
Q

% by which the population increases in a year

A

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

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11
Q

The amount of time needed for doubling the population

A

Doubling Time

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12
Q

The average amount of children a woman has in her child-giving years (ages 15-49)

A

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

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13
Q

The # of people who are too young or too old to work

A

Dependency Ratio

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14
Q

A process with several stages and every country is in one of the stages

A

Demographic Transition

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15
Q
  • High CBR
  • High CDR
  • No NIR
A

Stage 1 (Low Growth)

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16
Q
  • Declining CDR
  • High CBR
  • High NIR
  • e.g. Cape Verde
A

Stage 2 (High Growth)

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17
Q
  • Declining CDR
  • Declining CBR
  • Rising NIR
  • e.g. Chile
A

Stage 3 (Declining Growth)

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18
Q
  • Low CBR
  • Low CDR
  • No long-term NIR
  • e.g. Denmark
A

Stage 4 (Low Growth)

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19
Q

Argued that the population of the world will grow more rapidly than the food supply

A

Thomas Malthus

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20
Q

Argued that recent population growth makes Malthus’ theory more frightening

A

Neo-Malthusians

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21
Q

Focuses on distinctive health problems in each demographic transition/stage

A

Epidemiologic Transition

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22
Q
  • Pestilence & Famine (e.g. Black Plague)
A

Stage 1 (High CDR)

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23
Q
  • Receding Pandemics (diseases that affect a high proportion of people e.g. cholera)
A

Stage 2 (Rapidly declining CDR)

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24
Q
  • Degenerative Disease (e.g. heart disease and cancer)
A

Stage 3 (Moderately declining CDR)

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25
Q
  • Delayed Degenerative Disease
A

Stage 4 (Low but Increasing CDR)

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26
Q
  • Infectious and Parasite disease
  • Poverty
  • Increased connections
A

Possible Stage 5 (Rising CDR)

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27
Q

Annual # of Deaths among infants under the age of 1 (per 1,000 infants)

A

Infant Mortality Rate

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28
Q

The average # of years people are expected to live

A

Life expectancy

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29
Q

Designed to increase birth rates (e.g. Russia and China)

A

Pro-Natalist

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30
Q

Tries to prevent women from having babies to decrease the population

A

Anti-Natalist

31
Q

Coming to permanently live in a foreign country

A

Immigration

32
Q

Leaving a country to settle in another one

A

Emigration

33
Q
  1. Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country
  2. Long-distance migrants from other countries head for major centers and economic activities
A

Ravenstein’s two for distance in relation to migrants

34
Q

Move from one country to another

A

International migration

35
Q

Moving within a country

A

Internal migration

36
Q

Push factors for voluntary migration

A

Economic improvement

37
Q

Push factor for forced migration

A

Political or environmental factors

38
Q

Movement from one region of a country to another (e.g. opening of the American West)

A

Interregional migration

39
Q

Movement within a region

A

Intraregional migration

40
Q

Issued visas for immigrants who previously entered the U.S. without legal documents

A

Reform and Control Act

41
Q

Average location of everyone in the country

A

Population Center

42
Q

Population shift from rural to urban

A

Urbanization

43
Q

Movement from urban to suburb areas

A

Suburbanization

44
Q

Urban to rural areas

A

Counterurbanization

45
Q

Induces people to move out of their present location (e.g. slavery and war)

A

Push factors

46
Q

Induces people to move into a new country (e.g. places that help refugees)

A

Pull factors

47
Q

A person with permission to work in another country

A

Guest worker

48
Q

An environmental or political feature that hinders migration

A

Intervening Obstacle

49
Q

Stopped unrestricted immigration in the U.S.

A

Quota Act and the National Origins Act

50
Q

Got rid of the Quota laws and helped immigrants visit family

A

Immigration Act of 1965

51
Q

Large-scale emigration of talented people (e.g. talented doctors and scientists)

A

Brain Drain

52
Q

Migration because relatives or members of the same nationality moved there

A

Chain Migration

53
Q

Immigrants without proper documentation

A

Undocumented Immigrants

54
Q
  • Expense
  • National Identity
A

Fears of Migration

55
Q
  • Asylum seekers (e.g. torture, death, penalty)
  • Labor migration (hope for a better economy & work opportunities)
  • Illegal migration (entering a country without a visa)
A

Type of migration

56
Q

Advantages of migration

A
  • Economic development
  • Meet employment needs
57
Q

______ holds the most migrants today (42.8 million). _______ has the most people leaving its country

A

U.S.A. and Mexico

58
Q

Agriculture and extractive activities; depended on by developing countries

A

Primary sector

59
Q

Processing activities manufacturing, construction, and power production; many developing nations support secondary activities with lower labor costs than developed countries

A

Secondary sector

60
Q

Any developed countries economies are dominated by tertiary sector jobs; service to other buildings

A

Tertiary sector

61
Q

Informational activities; advanced technologies and intelligence

A

Quaternary sector

62
Q

A new theoretical sector within the quaternary sector of high management level jobs; jobs at are at government level

A

Quinary sector

63
Q

of live births / estimated mid-year population (* 1,000)

A

Birth rate formula

64
Q

of live births / # of deaths / Mid-year population (*1,000)

A

Rate of Natural Increase formula

65
Q

of males to females in a population

A

Sex ratio

66
Q

The max population that the environment can sustain

A

Carrying Capacity

67
Q

Make it to land, they get to stay. If caught in the water, they are sent back to Cuba

A

Wet Foot/Dry Foot Policy

68
Q

Human population becoming too large to be sustained by its environment

A

Overpopulation

69
Q

An epidemic of infectious diseases across the globe (e.g. COVID-19)

A

Pandemic

70
Q

Importance : encourages free trade with Mexico, U.S., and Canada

Not important: Hurt labor prospects of small farmers and created a loss in jobs

A

NAFTA/USMCA

71
Q

Poor Health care, High death rate, High birth rate, High Infant Mortality rate, kids = economic assets

A

Less Developed/Developing Countries (LDC)

72
Q

Good Health care, education , and job opportunities. Low CBR and CDR. High Literacy Rate

A

More Developed Countries (MDC)

73
Q

Improvement in health care, sanitation, and life expextancy

A

Newly Industrialised Countries (NIC)

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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