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AP Human Geography > Ch. 1: Basic Concepts > Flashcards

Ch. 1: Basic Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

2-D Model of the Earth

A

Map

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2
Q

Relationship to the feature’s size rather than actual size

A

Scale

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3
Q

Shows a small portion of Earth with lots of detail

A

Large-scale map

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4
Q

Shows the entire globe with little detail

A

Small-scale map

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5
Q

Transferring a globe to a flat map

A

Projection

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6
Q

Advantages:
- distorted very little
- the map is rectangular
- distance stays the same
Disadvantages:
- size is distorted near the poles

A

Mercator Projection

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7
Q

Advantages:
- useful for displaying info.
Disadvantages:
- areas are smaller than they actually are
- allocate space to the ocean

A

Robinson Projection

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8
Q

0 degrees latitude

A

Equator

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9
Q

0 degrees longitude

A

Prime Meridian

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10
Q

180 degrees longitude

A

International Date Line

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11
Q

Collect data by orbiting the Earth and collecting images

A

Remote sensing

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12
Q

Used for:
- navigation
- precise location
- contribute to the production of maps

A

Global Positioning System (GPS)

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13
Q

to store “layers” of data

A

GIS - Geographic Information System

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14
Q

Overlaying of layers from multiple sources

A

Mashup

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15
Q

Name given to a place on Earth

A

toponym

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16
Q

physical characteristics of a place (e.g. climate, water sources, elevation..)

A

Site

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17
Q

Locations of a place relative to other places
- familiar places may be used to describe unfamiliar places

A

Situation

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18
Q

An area of Earth defined by one or more distinctive characteristics

A

Region

19
Q

Shares a common human characteristic or physical characteristic (e.g. states like Texas ad Oklahoma or Amazon Rainforest b/c common vegetation)

A

Formal region

20
Q

Organized by a focal point (e.g. TV Station’s reception area or a school district)

A

Functional Region

21
Q

Exists because of beliefs and cultural identity (e.g. the South of the U.S. because they are known to be the Bible Belt)

A

Vernacular/Perceptual Region

22
Q

A force that involves the entire world, which results in making something worldwide

A

Globalization

23
Q

The physical gap or interval between two objects

A

Space

24
Q

The arrangement of a feature in space

A

Distribution

25
Q

The process by which a characteristic spreads across space

A

Diffusion

26
Q

Spread of an idea through physical movement (e.g. language)

A

Relocation Diffusion

27
Q

Spread of an idea through people, power, or authority to another person or place (e.g. social media trends or clothing trends)

A

Hierarchical Diffusion

28
Q

The rapid spread of characteristics through a population (e.g. diseases, viral post)

A

Contagious Diffusion

29
Q

Spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic fails to diffuse (e.g. features of Apple’s iPhone, McDonald’s in India)

A

Stimulus Diffusion

30
Q

As the distance between people increases, the communication between them decreases

A

distance-decay

31
Q

The reduction of time it takes to get to one place to another

A

time-space compression

32
Q

3 core hearths regions

A
  • North America
  • Europe
  • Japan
33
Q

Why is there an increasing economic gap

A

Some countries do not have the wealth of the hearths and some are developing

34
Q

Use of resources to ensure the ability to it

A

Sustainability

35
Q

3 Pillars of Sustainability

A
  • Environment
  • Economy
  • Society
36
Q
  • Use of Earth’s resources to meet human needs (conversation)
  • Maintainance of resources (preservation)
A

Environment Pillar

37
Q
  • Low supply and high demand = low price
  • High supply and low demand = high price
A

Economy Pillar

38
Q
  • Use of resources to meet needs
  • Consumer choices can support sustainability
A

Society Pillar

39
Q

Geographical study of the relationships b/w humans and its environment

A

Cultural Ecology

40
Q

Physical environment caused social development or influenced others

A

Environmental determinism

41
Q

The physical environment sometimes limits human actions, but humans still adjust to the environment

A

Possiblism

42
Q

Piece of land that is created by draining water from that area

A

Polder

43
Q

Five Themes of Geography (give examples)

A
  1. Movement
  2. Regions
  3. Human-Environment Interaction
  4. Location
  5. Place

AP Human Geography (5 decks)

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