Ch 5 Flashcards
sociohistorical privilege and oppression
a worldview
different dimensions that operate together to create a characteristic, often unspoken, understanding of life and the way it ought to be lived
wealth
refers to all assets that a family has acquired or inherited (savings, property, stocks,)
the application of a social justice framework begins…
with the identification of dominant-culture assumptions and practices
the difference is the distress of clients of color may also….
alternatively or additionally be related to the stress and strain of bearing up under the inequities described above
weathering
refers to the idea that minority populations become older faster through the wear and tear in their bodies that result from chronic exposure to social adversity
social contexts that correspond to the short term and lifetime damage done by racism related stress and strain
racially-segregated housing
which leads to difficulties in access to employment, quality primary and secondary education, healthy food resources, and quality health and pharmacy services
exposure to racism related incident has been linked to
increased levels of stress hormones, depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders (racism-related trauma)
single stories
stories with a focus on one kind of culture and one kind of child
ethnocentric monoculturalism
privileging any one culture with qualities of normalcy, value, and inclusion
characterized by a belief in the superiority of one groups cultural heritage
belief in the inferiority of others
power to impose standards
manifestation in institutions
the invisible veil (their values and beliefs operate outside level of conscious awareness, but through which they see and interpret everything)
delivery systems that reflect an ethnocentric orientation (culture bound)
the theories of counseling and psychotherapy
the standards by which clinicians judge normality and abnormality
the actual process of mental health practice
institutional racism
policies, priorities, and accepted normative patterns that function to maintain the advantage of the dominant racial group as they restrict the choices, rights, mobility, and access of other racial groups
the greatest obstacle to a meaningful movement toward a multicultural society is…
the failure of well-intentioned individuals to understand their unconscious and unintentional complicity in perpetuating bias and discrimination via personal values/beliefs and our social institutions
European american worldview
possessing values and beliefs such as rugged individualism, competition, mastery and control over nature, a unitary and static conception of time, religion based on christianity, and competition
competent multicultural counseling is…
fluid
multilayered
complex
requires comprehension of the interwoven, intersectional nature of socio-historical group memberships, in that both privileged and subordinated individuals always embody more that one identity simultaneously.
APA admittance of systemic racism
- its role in directly and indirectly contributing to systemic racism and eugenics by holding myth of white supremacy
- historically accepting whiteness as the standard or norm and presenting others as inferior
- using psychological data to justify discriminatory social policies
- creating psychological tests, intelligent tests, educational assessments, and intervention that discriminated against POC
- disseminating scientific models and approaches rooted in scientific racism
- acknowledging that mental health practice derived from primarily white Western European males bias assessment, testing, diagnosis, and treatment of POC
APA apology historic because
- commits to path forward to address the role psychologist have played in harming people of color
- begin a process of reconciliation and healing
- make real and meaningful change within the association, the profession, and psychologists
hypothesize that POC underutilize counseling and therapy services because…
of the biased nature of the services themselves, may be inappropriate to the life experiences of culturally diverse clients, lack sensitivity and understanding, and they may be discriminating or oppressive toward clients of color
ethnocentric definitions of mental health
- normality as a statistical concept
- normality as ideal mental health
- abnormality as the presence of certain behaviors
theoretical conceptualizations of ideal mental health
consciousness or insight
self-actualization
creativity
competence
autonomy
resistance to stress
psychological mindedness
normal
refers to behaviors that occur most frequently in the population
abnormality
defined in terms of those behaviors that occur least frequently
notions of statistical normalcy may be adequate for some purposes, but….
they fail to take into account differences in time, community standards, cultural values, and the power that different social groups do or don’t have to define such classifications
(the people in power/majority define what is normal and not)
scientific racism
when flimsy research is done to enforce the idea of POC being inferior to whites
cultural deprivation
indicate that many groups perform poorly on conventional standardized tests or exhibit deviant characteristics because their communities are supposedly without the benefits of white middle class society in the form of characteristics like valuing education
the absence or lack of a cultural background (deviation from and inferiority to white middle class values) (basically saying inferior culture have no culture)
trustworthiness
open, honest, and not our of personal gain
expertness is typically a function of…
reputation
evidence of specialized training
behavioral evidence of proficiency/competency
culturally effective therapists…
can view these client reactions and behaviors in a nonjudgemental manner
can avoid personalizing any skepticism that is expressed
can adequately resolve accompanying challenges to their credibility (combo of exprertness and trustworthiness)
a multicultural counseling curriculum should contain
a consciousness-raising component
an affective/experiential component
a knowledge component
a skills component
social justice counseling/therapy
an active philosophical stance and set of practices that aligns therapeutic services and actions with the establishment of equal access and opportunity and the elimination of disparities an education, health care, employment, and other areas that lower the quality of life for marginalized groups
critical consciousness
refers to to individuals awareness of the influence of sociohistorical forces in their lives such that they are able to analyze their sociopolitical environments and then act effectively
cultural humility
refers to the crucial importance of maintaining an interpersonally open and genuinely respectful stance regarding clients cultural identities, backgrounds, and experiences
