Ch. 5 Flashcards
How a sound is formed
Manner of articulation
Where the sound is formed
Place of articulation
Vowels are produced by..?
Tongue and lip positioning
Consonants are produced by..?
The contact of 2 articulators that obstruct and constrict the flow of air as it passes through the nasal and oral cavities
Primary articulator
Tongue
Where in the vocal tract the air flow is obstructed or partially obstructed
Place
To what degree is the air flow obstructed/partially obstructed
Manner
Vocal folds vibrating when the consonant is bring produced: voiced or unvoiced
Voicing
Having the same place of articulation /d, n/, /p, b/
Homorganic
Phonemes that differ only in voicing /k/ and /g/, or /d/ and /t/
Cognates
Allophones (variant production”lip” and “ball”) of stops. A variant manner of artic in which a sound is formed by a quick tapping movement, in words like: rider, writer, patty, butter
Flap or tap
Consonants characterized by an obstructed vocal tract like stops, fricatives, and affricates
Obstruent
Sounds that are produced in a relatively open vocal tract such as vowels or vowel-like consonants: liquids, glides, and nasals
Sonorants
Articulators approximate a contact point, but do not meet like liquids and glides
Approximants
Instruments made with complete stoppage of air (valve)
Stops
Obstruents result from partial blockage of the breath stream which cause turbulence or friction during production
Fricatives
Sound that begins with a stop and is released as a fricative
Affricates
Generic term for the /r/ and /l/ sounds. Relatively open vocal tract during production
Liquids
Gliding movement from a partially constricted vocal tract to a more open vocal tract shape
Glides
Airstream is completely obstructed in the oral cavity during their production
/m, n/ and “ng”
Nasals
Place:
Bilabial, labiodental, interdental, alveolar, palatal, palatal-velar, glottal
Place: two lips together;
/p, b, m, w/
Bilabial
Place: lips and teeth together;
/f, v/
Labiodental
Place: formed by placing the tongue between the teeth;
Voiced and voiceless “th”
Interdental
Place: produced at the alveolar ridge;
/t, d, s, z, n, l/
Alveolar
Place: at the level of the hard palate;
/j, d3/, “sh”, “zsh” (beige), “ch”
Palatal
Place: at the level of the hard and soft palate (velum);
/k, g, r/, and “ng”
Palatal-velar
Place: at the level of the glottis;
/?, h/
Glottal
Manner:
Stops, fricatives, affricates, nasals, liquids, and glides
Manner: complete obstruction followed by release
Stop-plosives
Manner: very close but not complete obstruction involving friction
Fricative
Manner: Very close obstruction where the consonant begins as a plosive and ends as a fricative
Affricate
Manner: air escapes from the nose. Complete closure of articulators
Nasal
Generic term for the /r/ and /l/ sounds. Relatively open vocal tract during production
Liquid
Gliding movement from a partially constricted vocal tract to a more open vocal tract shape
Glide
