Ch. 5 Flashcards
what are lewis dot structures for? what does a line here mean? the electrons not paired are called
these are to show the VE of an element, the lines are a bond between two electrons. lone pairs not bonded electrons
what is formal charge? include equation
tells us if the atoms are sharing their VE’s in best way possible, this will happen if FC is equal to 0 or smallest amount possible. FC= VE-1/2B(bonded electron)-L (lone pairs)
when does resonance occur
when nonbonding electrons, double, and triple bonds move around
what does short bond length mean? long?
short: strong nuclei force long: weak nuclei force
what is homolytic bond cleavage? hetero?
homo: bond breaks evenly and electrons are divided equally
hetero: electrons are not divided equally in bond break
what are covalent bonds? what are ionic bonds?
VE’s are shared in covalent. ionic electrons are not shared
what is VSEPR theory
shapes of molecules are predicted by the total number of electron groups on the central atom determines the bond angle and geometry
what is hybridization for two electron groups, angle, and geometry
sp 180 and linear
what is hybridization for 3 electron groups, angle, and geometry
sp^2 120 trigonal planar
what is hybridization for 4 electron groups, angle, and geometry
sp^3 109.5 bent/tetrahedral/triagonal pyramid
what are sigma bonds
formed end to end like horizonal lines (bonds)
what are pi bonds
two electrons localization on opposite side (lone pairs)
what are intermolecular forces? and what the four forces
relatively weak interactions that takes place between neutral molecules. dipole-dipole, london dispersion (temp), van der waals and hydrogen bonding
what is VP, what does increased VP mean
vapor pressure: the pressure exerted by gaseous phase of a liquid that evaporated from exposed surface. increased VP means weak IMF
resonance structures are two or more structures where
only nonbonding electrons and double and triple bonds may move around.
how can an anion not be able to be a lewis base?
if it doesnt have any non bonded electrons
what is important to note about lewis bases?
they are electron donors and ligands
important to note about ionic bonds?
metal and non metal, big difference in EN
in any multiple bond, there is how many sigma bonds and pi bonds?
double: one sigma and one pi, triple: one sigma and two pi, there is only one sigma bonds and the rest are pi bondscc
how do you know if a molecule has the strongest dipole moment?
dipole moment involves a bond that differs in electronegativity and it is asymmetrical. PBr3O has more of a dipole moment than PF5 because PF5 has the same substituents.
coordinate covalent bond vs covalent bond
Covalent bonds are formed when two nonmetal atoms share a pair of electrons. Coordinate covalent bonds are formed when the bonding pair of electrons is donated by just one of the bonding atoms like in an acid base rxn.
If a molecule has 3 bonds and 1 lone pair
triangular pyramid (109.5)
molecule has 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs
tetrahedral (109.5)
molecule has 2 bonds and 1 lone pair
bent (120)
molecule has 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs
bent (109.5)
a BL acid is used for what in reactions
it is used to oxidize things because the acid will reduce itself and collect Hydrogens
