Ch. 11 Flashcards
what are BL acids? BL bases?
bases: proton acceptors
acids: proton donors
what are L acids? L bases?
bases: electron donors
acids: electron acceptors
what are conjugate acids/bases
new species that develop when they accept an e- or H+
dissociation of acids or bases can be found
Ka= (H) (A)/ (HA) where HA+H2O=H+A same for Kb= (HB) (OH)/ B) where B+H2O=OH+ HB
what are the strong acids
HI, HBr, HCl, HClO4 (perchloric acid) H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid), and HNO3 (nitric acid)
what are strong bases
Group one hydroxides: NaOH
Group one oxides: Li2O
some group 2 hydroxides: BaOH2 SrOH2
and some metal amide (NaNH2)
the conjugate base/acid of strong acid/base has what properties in water?
no basic or acidic properties because they do not interact with water
what are amphoteric substance? what are polyprotic substances?
amphoteric: compounds that can act both as base or acid like water
polyprotic: can donate more than 1 proton to donate
pH measures what, what formulas you need
measure H+ conc where ph=-log(h) and 10^-ph
pOH measures what, what formulas you need
measures OH conc where pOH=-log(oh) and 10^pOH
what is a salt?
an ionic compound with an anion and cation
what is a buffer
solution that resists changing pH when a little bit of acid or base is added
what is an indicator
a weak acid that undergoes a color change when its converted to its conjugate base
what is an acid base titration
it helps you determine an unknown weak acid/base by determining its pKa/Kb
the known acid/base in titration is called? what titrant do you use for an unknown acid
titrant. you add a base for unknown acid and vise versa
what is buffer domain/ region
area where pH changes gradually
what is the equivalence point
area with drastic ph increase,where moles of added strong acid/base is equal tp moles of unk base/acid at beginning
for a weak acid (strong base) where is equivalence point
ph>7
for a weak base (strong acid ) where is equivalence point
ph<7
for a strong acid (strong base) and vice versa where is equivalence point
ph=7
what is half equivalence point? what is important to note in this area
the half equivalence point is where 1/2 was added and only 1/2 was converted/ pKa of unknown substance is equal to pH at this point (straight line up on graph)
for pH calculations, how do you solve for a strong acid/base? weak acid/base?
strong acid/base will have H+ conc= acid conc ex. H+= 0.01 M gives pH= 2 when you use -log of H+
weak acid/base: you need to fill table out with initial conc and use formula
what does Ka or Kb need to be for x to be negligible in a pH calculation
less than 10^-4
what is a neutralizing rxn?
when an acid and base combine and creates a salt and water
in a neutralizing rxn, what do strong acids/bases to do pH? weak acids/bases?
strong acids with strong bases will produce a neutral pH.
weak bases with weak acids will NOT produce a solution with a neutral pH
what is important to note about ALL neutralizing rxns?
they will all go to completion
what cation do NOT interact with water
group 1 ions and large group 2 ions
what cations DO interact with water
metals in black D like Cr, Cu, etc because they are strong acids
what anions do NOT interact with water
conjugate base of a strong acid because its weak
what anions DO interact with water
strong conj base than H2O of weak acids
an ideal buffer has
pH=pKa
with an indicator, if you have H+> Ka, what color do we see?
color #1 because it favors reverse rxn
with an indicator, if you have H+< Ka, what color do we see?
color #2 because it favors forward rxn
with an indicator, if you have H+= Ka, what color do we see?
mixing of both colors
what is a half equivalence point
where strong acid/base neutralized all unk base/acid and Ph=pKa
at the beginning of a titration where there isnt much pH change, what is this called
buffering region
what is equivalence point
moles of added strong acid/base is equal to moles of unk base or acid at the beginning
what is equation that we use when we want to know how much of something we need to neutralize or titrate?
a * [A] * Va= b *[B] * Vb where V is volume, a is one, and [A/B] moles of substance
Ka and Kb have what kind of relationship?
inverse
when you hyperventilate, what occurs to bicarb ions
decrease
what is the only thing that will affect Kw
temp
