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Bio 235 > Ch 5 > Flashcards

Ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

integumentary system

A

the integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, oil and sweat glands,
nails, and sensory receptors
the integumentary system contributes to homeostasis by protecting the body and helping regulate body temperature. It also allows you to sense pleasurable, painful, and other stimuli in your external environment.

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2
Q

dermatology

A

is the medical specialty that deals with structures, functions, and disorders of the integumentary system

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3
Q

cutaneous membrane (skin)

A

largest organ, 7% of total body weight in adult, thickness from 0.5mm- 4.0 mm

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4
Q

epidermis (superficial)

A

The superficial, thinner portion, which is composed of
epithelial tissue

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5
Q

function of the integumentary system

A
  1. Regulates body temperature.
  2. Stores blood.
  3. Protects body from external
    environment.
  4. Detects cutaneous sensations.
  5. Excretes and absorbs substances.
  6. synthesizes vitamin D
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6
Q

dermis (deep)

A

-deeper, thicker connective tissue portion
-composed of dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers. It is divided into papillary and reticular regions. The papillary region contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibers, dermal papillae, and corpuscles of touch. The reticular region contains bundles of thick collagen and some coarse elastic fibers, fibroblasts and macrophages, adipose tissue, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

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7
Q

subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

is deep to the dermis and not part of the skin, it anchors the dermis to underlying tissues and organs, and it contains lamellated corpuscles

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8
Q

hypodermis

A

consist of areolar and adipose tissues

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9
Q

lamellated corpuscles

A

The subcutaneous layer serves as a storage depot for fat and contains large blood vessels that supply the skin. lamellated corpuscles are nerve endings in this region, sensitive to pressure

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10
Q

epidermis

A

-the epidermis consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-an epidermal wound would not produce any bleeding.
-It contains four principal types of cells: keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial cells

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11
Q

keratinocytes

A

cell in the epidermis 90% they are arranged in 4/5 layers and produce the protein keratin

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12
Q

keratin

A

tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes, and chemicals

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13
Q

intraepidermal macrophages ( langerhans cells)

A

arise from red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis, participate in immune responses mounted against microbes that invaded the skin, are easily damaged by UV light

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14
Q

tactile epithelial cells ( merkel cells)

A

local to the deepest layer of the epidermis, contact the flattened process of a sensory neuron (nerve cell)

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15
Q

tactile disc (merkel disc)

A

detect touch sensation

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16
Q

thin skin

A

exposure to friction is greatest, in fingertips, palms, soles

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17
Q

thick skin

A
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18
Q

melanin

A

Melanin protects DNA of keratinocytes from the damaging effects
of UV light

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19
Q

stratum basale

A

the stratum basale is the layer of the epidermis with stem cells that continually undergo cell division

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20
Q

stem cells

A
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21
Q

stratum granulosum

A
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22
Q

keratohyalin

A
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23
Q

lamellar granules

A
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24
Q

stratum lucidum

A
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25
Q

stratum corneum

A
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26
Q

stratum spinosum

A
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27
Q

callus

A
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28
Q

keratinization

A
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29
Q

epidermal growth factor (EGF)

A
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30
Q

papillary region

A
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31
Q

dermal papillae

A
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32
Q

capillary loops

A
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33
Q

corpuscles of touch (meissner corpusles)

A
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34
Q

free nerve endings

A
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35
Q

reticular region

A
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36
Q

dermis

A
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37
Q

extensibility

A
38
Q

elasticity

A
39
Q

epidermal ridges

A

provide the basis for fingerprints and footprints

40
Q

fingerprints or foot prints

A
41
Q

structural basis of skin color

A

melanin, hemoglobin and carotene are three pigments that impart a
wide variety of colors to skin.

42
Q

hair shaft

A
43
Q

hair root

A
44
Q

hair follicle

A
45
Q

epithelial root sheath

A
46
Q

dermal root sheath

A
47
Q

hair bulb

A
48
Q

papilla of the hair

A
49
Q

hair matrix

A
50
Q

hairs (pili)

A

are growths of epidermis composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells

51
Q

arrector pili

A
52
Q

hair root plexus

A
53
Q

sebaceous glands

A
54
Q

oil glands

A
55
Q

sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)

A
56
Q

eccrine sweat glands

A
57
Q

thermoregulation

A
58
Q

thermoregulatory sweating

A
59
Q

insensible perspiration

A
60
Q

sensible perspiration

A
61
Q

emotional sweating

A
62
Q

apocrine sweat glands

A
63
Q

sebum

A
64
Q

cerumen

A
65
Q

ceruminous glands

A
66
Q

nails

A

nails are hard because they are composed of tightly packed, hard, keratinized epidermal cells

67
Q

hyponychium

A
68
Q

nail bed

A
69
Q

eponychium

A
70
Q

hangnail

A
71
Q

nail matrix

A
72
Q

free edge

A
73
Q

nail root

A
74
Q

lunula

A
75
Q

nail body

A
76
Q

functions of the nail

A
  1. the protect the distal end of the digits.
  2. They provide support and counterpressure to the palmar surface of
    the fingers to enhance touch perception and manipulation.
  3. They allow us to grasp and manipulate small objects, and they can
    be used to scratch and groom the body in various way
77
Q

Describe the structure of a hair. What causes “goose bumps”

A

Under physiological or emotional stress, such as cold or fright, autonomic nerve endings stimulate the arrector pili muscles to contract, which pulls the hair shafts perpendicular to the skin surface. This action causes “goose bumps” or “gooseflesh” because the skin around the shaft forms slight elevations

78
Q

contrast the locations and functions of sebaceous (oil) glands,
sudoriferous (sweat) glands, and ceruminous glands.

A
79
Q

what criteria are used to distinguish thin and thick skin

A
80
Q

thermoregulation

A
81
Q

excretion

A
82
Q

absorption

A
83
Q

blood reservoir

A
84
Q

protection

A
85
Q

cutaneous sensations

A
86
Q

synthesis of vitamin D

A
87
Q

in what two ways does the skin help regulate body temp

A
88
Q

how does the skin serve as a protective barrier

A
89
Q

what sensations arise from stimulation of neurons in the skin

A
90
Q

what types of molecules can penetrate the stratum corneum

A

Bio 235 (5 decks)

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