Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 235 > Ch 1 > Flashcards

Ch 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What body function might a respiratory therapist strive to
improve? What structures are involved?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give your own example of how the structure of a part of the
body is related to its function.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anatomy

A

is the science of body structures and the relationships among them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physiology

A

is the science of body functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the body’s six levels of structural organization.

A

the chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system,
and organismal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list 11 body systems of the body

A

integumentary
nervous
cardiovascular
muscular
skeletal
lymphatic
digestive
reproductive
respiratory
endocrine
urinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

molecules

A

two or more atoms joined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

atoms

A

the smallest unit of matter that participates in chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

. What body function might a respiratory therapist strive to
improve? What structures are involved?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chemical level

A

the very basic level including atoms (letters in alphabet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cellular level

A

molecules combine to form cells (words)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tissue level

A

groups of cells and the matericals surrounding them that work togtehr to perform a particular function ( sentence)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organ level

A

different types of tissues joined together (paragraphs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

organs

A

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

system level

A

a system (chapter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

organismal level

A

an organism any living individual (book)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical process that occur in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

catabolism

A

first phase- the breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler componentss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anabolism

A

2 phase -of metabolism the building of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

responsiveness

A

the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

basic life process of human body

A

metabolism
responsiveness
movement
growth
differentiation
reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

movement

A

motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cell and even tiny structures inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

growth

A

increase in body size that results from an increase in size of existing cells, and increase in the number of cells, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

differentiation

A

is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state- ex precursor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

reproduction

A

1- the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement
2 the production of a new individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

body fluids

A

dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemical that are found inside cells as well as surrounding them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

intracellular fluid

A

ICF- the fluid inside body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

extracellular fluid

A

ECF- fluid outside the body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

interstitial fluid

A

the ECF that fills the narrow space between cells of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

blood plasma

A

fluid within blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

lymph

A

fluid within lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

fluid in and around brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

synovial fluid

A

fluid within joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

aqueous humor and vitreous body

A

fluid of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

feedback system or feedback loop

A

the body can regulate its internal environment through many feedback systems- cycle of events in which the status of the body conditions is monitored, elevated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

controlled condition(controlled variable) example

A

monitored variable- ex body temp, BP, blood glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

stimulus

A

any disruption that changes a controlled condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

receptor

A

body structure that monitor changes in a controlled condition and send input to a control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

afferent pathway

A

a neural pathway that conducts impulses from a sense organ TOWARD the brain or spinal cord or from one brain region to another region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

input

A

that send nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

control center

A

the body, for example, the brain, sets the narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should
be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors, and
generates output commands when they are needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

output

A

from
the control center typically occurs as nerve impulses, or hormones or other chemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

efferent pathway

A

nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

effector

A

a body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

response

A

that alters the controlled condition

47
Q

what is the difference from a negative feedback system to a positive feedback system

A

in a positive feedback system, the response affects the controlled condition differently than in a negative feedback system. The control center still provides commands to an effector, but this time the effector produces a physiological response that adds to or reinforces the initial change in the
controlled condition. The action of a positive feedback system continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism

48
Q

negative feedback system

A

reverses a change in a controlled condition- ex- BP, temp, Blood sugar

49
Q

positive feedback system

A

tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions- ex- normal child birth

50
Q

Outline the major body cavities, the organs they contain, and their
associated linings

A
51
Q

anatomical position

A

Descriptions of any region or part of the human body assume that it is
in a standard position of reference

52
Q

prone position

A

lying facedown

53
Q

supine position

A

lying faceup

54
Q

lower limb

A

regional name- attached to the trunk and consists of the buttocks, thigh, leg, ankle and foot

55
Q

. Describe the locations of intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid,
interstitial fluid, and blood plasma

A
56
Q

Why is extracellular fluid called the internal environment of the
body?

A
57
Q

What types of disturbances can act as stimuli that initiate a
feedback system?

A
58
Q

. Define receptor, control center, and effector

A
59
Q

. What is the difference between symptoms and signs of a disease?
Give examples of each.

A
60
Q

directional terms

A

words that describe the position of one body part relative to another

61
Q

directional terms can be used to specify the relationships between (1) the elbow and the shoulder, (2) the left and
right shoulders, (3) the sternum and the humerus, and (4) the
heart and the diaphragm?

A
62
Q

superior

A

toward the head, or upper part of body structure

63
Q

inferior

A

away from the head, or lowest part of a structure

64
Q

anterior

A

nearer to or at the front of the body

65
Q

posterior

A

nearer to or at the back of the body

66
Q

medial

A

nearer to midline

67
Q

lateral

A

farther from the midline

68
Q

intermediate

A

between two structures

69
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side of the body as another structure

70
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

71
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the attachment of a limb, nearer to the origination of a structure

72
Q

distal

A

farther from the attachment of a limb, farther from the origination of a structure

73
Q

superficial

A

toward or on the surface of the body

74
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body

75
Q

planes

A

imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts

76
Q

sagittal plane

A

is a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides

77
Q

midsagittal plane

A

divides into equal left and rights sides down the midline of the body

78
Q

parasagittal plane

A

unequal left and right sides of the body

79
Q

frontal plane

A

divides body or organ into from front(anterior) and back (posterior) portions

80
Q

transverse plane (cross- sectional/ horizontal plane)

A

divides the body or an organ into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

81
Q

oblique plane

A

passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle ( any angle other than a 90 degree angle)

82
Q

section

A

cut in the body or one of its organs made along one of the planes just described - indicates how three different
sections—midsagittal,

83
Q

body cavities

A

spaces that enclose internal organs

84
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains the brain in a hollow space

85
Q

thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

A

contains pleural and pericardial
cavities and the mediastinum

86
Q

pericardial cavity

A

within the thoracic cavity- a fluid filled space that surrounds the heart, and two fluid- filled spaces

87
Q

pleural cavities

A

fluid filled space around the lungs, and heart

88
Q

mediastinum

A

central part of the thoracic cavity is an anatomical region, extends from sternum to vertebral column and from first rib to diaphragm, contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea and several large blood vessels

89
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal muscular wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis

90
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder,
small intestine, and most of large intestine; the
serous membrane of the abdominal cavity is
the peritoneum.

91
Q

pelvic cavity

A

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines and internal organs of reproduction

92
Q

peritoneum

A

is the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

93
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

covers the abdominal viscera

94
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

lines the abdominal wall covering the inferior surface of the diaphram

95
Q

retroperitoneal

A

posterior to the peritoneum- the kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, duodenum of small intestines, ascending and descending colons large intestines, abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava

96
Q

membrane

A

a thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structures

97
Q

right hypochondriac

A
98
Q

epigastric

A
99
Q

left hypochondriac

A
100
Q

umbilical

A
101
Q

right lumber

A
102
Q

left lumbar

A
103
Q

right inguinal

A
104
Q

hypogastric

A
105
Q

left inguinal

A
106
Q

umbilicus

A

betty button

107
Q

RUQ

A
108
Q

LUQ

A
109
Q

RLQ

A
110
Q

LLQ

A
111
Q

pericardium

A

serous membrane of the pericardial cavity

112
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane of the pleural cavities

113
Q

What structures separate the various body cavities from one another?

A
114
Q
A

Bio 235 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions