Ch 47: Bowel Elimination - Vid/PP Notes Flashcards
Defecation reflexes are found…
- There are two
- One in the brain
- One in the spinal cord
Describe the Valsalva maneuver.
- a voluntary contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles, raises intra-abdominal pressure and triggers peristalsis in the colon and rectum, causing relaxation of the internal sphincter.
- When rectal pressure exceeds sphincter pressure, defecation occurs.
- The pushing action of pooping
Changes in usual defecation pattern may signify…
changes in internal function.
Food intolerances result in
- diarrhea
- gas distention
- cramping
Antibiotics can cause…
diarrhea
High calcium antacids and pain (opioid) medications can result in…
constipation
Common causes of constipation include:
- low-fiber diet, particularly diets high in meat, milk, or cheese.
- dehydration.
- lack of exercise.
- delaying the impulse to have a bowel movement.
- travel or other changes in routine.
- certain medications, such as high calcium antacids and pain medications.
- pregnancy.
Common causes of diarrhea include:
- Alcohol abuse
- Intollerance/Allergies to certain foods
- Diabetes
- Some cancers and Diseases of the intestines (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis)
- Infection by bacteria
- Laxative abuse
- Medications
- Hyperthyroidism
- Radiation therapy
- Surgery on your digestive system
- Malabsorption
- Diarrhea may also follow constipation, especially for people who have irritable bowel syndrome.
Anti-coagulants result in what coloration to stool?
dark/black color
Antacids result in what coloration to stool?
white/speckled
Where are patients with bowel incontinence at risk for ulcers?
If good hygene is not kept, the moisture of stool can cause skin breakdown
True or False
When assessing bowels, you should palpate the reported painful areas first.
False, do them last.
Barium procedures may be contraindicated for patients with…
impaired renal function
When a Lower and Upper GI serires needs to be done, which comes first and why?
- Lower comes first
- If Upper is done first, it can effects of the lower since the lower is later in directional flow
Inactivity can result in…
- Constipation
- Distention
- Impaction
