Ch 46: Urination - Alterations and Terms Flashcards
What are the seven types of Urinary Incontinence?
- Functional
- Stress
- Urge
- Mixed
- Reflex
- Overflow
- Temporary
Define Functional Incontinence
- Lack of urine control related to an external physical limitation rather than any abnormality of the urinary tract.
- The physical limitation delays the person’s ability to use the toilet before incontinence occurs.
Define Stress Incontinence
- Loss of urine control/leakage associated with activities physical activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure
Define Urge Incontinence
- A sudden strong urge to urinate that is followed by uncontrolled, rapid bladder contraction and urination.
Define Mixed Incontinence
- Combination of stress and urge incontinence.
Define Reflex Incontinence
- Involuntary urine loss without sensation of urge to void
- Cause: Spinal cord/cerebral injury
Define Overflow Incontinence
- Inability to empty the bladder completely, resulting in dribbling of urine or increased frequency of urination.
- Due to weakened muscles of the bladder
Define Temporary Incontinence
- Related to either the use of medication or an acute condition such as severe constipation, urinary tract infection, or vaginal infection.
Loss of urine caused by exercise, coughing or sneezing is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?
Stress
Max has a sudden urge to urinate, but pees himself prior to getting to the bathroom.
This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?
Urge
Mary is in the middle of a workout when suddenly she pees a little, then has a sudden strong urge to urinate and does so prior to getting to the bathroom.
This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?
Mixed
Tommy has to strong urge to pee, gets to the bathroom, but while he’s having difficulty getting his pants unbuttoned, he uncontrollably voids.
This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?
Functional
Joline has no problem urinating, but finds that lately, even though she feels she urinated completely, she has uncontrolled urine dribble for a period afteward.
This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?
Overflow
Gerdy has recently found she has can’t go longer than 2 hours without having the need to urinate.
This a sign/symptom of what type of urinary incontinence?
Urge
Jack was in an accident and obtained a neck injury. What type of urinarly incontinence is he at risk for?
Reflex
Define: Urgency
Feeling of need to void immediately
Define: Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
When does Frequency of urination become a symptom of urinary alteration?
Voiding at intervals <2hrs
Define: Hesitancy
difficulty initiating urination
Define: Oliguria
- OP < IP
- Diminished urinary OP relative to IP
- (usually 400mL/24hr)
Define: Nocturia
Voiding one or more times at night
Define: Dribbling
Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination
Define: urinary incontinence
involuntary loss of urine
Define: Hematuria
blood in urine
Define: Retention
accmulation of urine in the bladder with inability of bladder to empty fully
Define: Residual urine
- volume of urine remaining after voiding.
- >100mL
What is Hyperreflexia?
A life-threatening problem that affects heart rate and blood pressure; caused by an overly full bladder
Hyperreflexia is usually _____ in nature; however, it can be caused by functionally by ______.
neurogenic, blockage
Define: Pyuria
- the presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection.
What are five fluid imbalance clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease?
- Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
- Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
- Anuria (no UO)
- Oliguria (reduced UO)
- Polyuria (excessive UO)
What are waste product clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease?
- Abnormal BUN and Creatinine levels
- Various clinical manifestations reflect the effects of toxic levels of the waste products on the body systems
What clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease are associated with Electrolytes?
- high levels of some electrolytes (e.g., potassium and phosphate)
- low values in others (e.g., calcium and bicarbonate)
- high serum potassium level is of particular concern because it alters conduction of electrical impulses in the heart and can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
What clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease are associated with the Acid-Base balance?
- Severe kidney dysfunction generally results in:
- Metabolic acidosis
- The body’s cells do not tolerate acidosis well and cellular functions suffer.
- Of particular concern is the effect on the cardiovascular system, which can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Polyphagia
Also known as hyperphagia, is the medical termfor excessive or extreme hunger that doesn’t go away after eating.
Polydipsia
- Constant, excessive drinking as a result of thirst.
- Polydipsia occurs in untreated or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
