Ch 46: Urination - Alterations and Terms

Question 1

What are the seven types of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 1

1. Functional
2. Stress
3. Urge
4. Mixed
5. Reflex
6. Overflow
7. Temporary

Question 2

Define Functional Incontinence

Answer 2

• Lack of urine control related to an external physical limitation rather than any abnormality of the urinary tract.
• The physical limitation delays the person’s ability to use the toilet before incontinence occurs.

Question 3

Define Stress Incontinence

Answer 3

• Loss of urine control/leakage associated with activities physical activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure

Question 4

Define Urge Incontinence

Answer 4

• A sudden strong urge to urinate that is followed by uncontrolled, rapid bladder contraction and urination.

Question 5

Define Mixed Incontinence

Answer 5

• Combination of stress and urge incontinence.

Question 6

Define Reflex Incontinence

Answer 6

• Involuntary urine loss without sensation of urge to void
• Cause: Spinal cord/cerebral injury

Question 7

Define Overflow Incontinence

Answer 7

• Inability to empty the bladder completely, resulting in dribbling of urine or increased frequency of urination.
• Due to weakened muscles of the bladder

Question 8

Define Temporary Incontinence

Answer 8

• Related to either the use of medication or an acute condition such as severe constipation, urinary tract infection, or vaginal infection.

Question 9

Loss of urine caused by exercise, coughing or sneezing is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 9

Stress

Question 10

Max has a sudden urge to urinate, but pees himself prior to getting to the bathroom.

This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 10

Urge

Question 11

Mary is in the middle of a workout when suddenly she pees a little, then has a sudden strong urge to urinate and does so prior to getting to the bathroom.

This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 11

Mixed

Question 12

Tommy has to strong urge to pee, gets to the bathroom, but while he’s having difficulty getting his pants unbuttoned, he uncontrollably voids.

This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 12

Functional

Question 13

Joline has no problem urinating, but finds that lately, even though she feels she urinated completely, she has uncontrolled urine dribble for a period afteward.

This is an example of what type of Urinary Incontinence?

Answer 13

Overflow

Question 14

Gerdy has recently found she has can’t go longer than 2 hours without having the need to urinate.

This a sign/symptom of what type of urinary incontinence?

Answer 14

Urge

Question 15

Jack was in an accident and obtained a neck injury. What type of urinarly incontinence is he at risk for?

Answer 15

Reflex

Question 16

Define: Urgency

Answer 16

Feeling of need to void immediately

Question 17

Define: Dysuria

Answer 17

Painful or difficult urination

Question 18

When does Frequency of urination become a symptom of urinary alteration?

Answer 18

Voiding at intervals <2hrs

Question 19

Define: Hesitancy

Answer 19

difficulty initiating urination

Question 20

Define: Oliguria

Answer 20

• OP < IP
• Diminished urinary OP relative to IP
• (usually 400mL/24hr)

Question 21

Define: Nocturia

Answer 21

Voiding one or more times at night

Question 22

Define: Dribbling

Answer 22

Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination

Question 23

Define: urinary incontinence

Answer 23

involuntary loss of urine

Question 24

Define: Hematuria

Answer 24

blood in urine

Question 25

Define: Retention

Answer 25

accmulation of urine in the bladder with inability of bladder to empty fully

Question 26

Define: Residual urine

Answer 26

• volume of urine remaining after voiding.
• >100mL

Question 27

What is Hyperreflexia?

Answer 27

A life-threatening problem that affects heart rate and blood pressure; caused by an overly full bladder

Question 28

Hyperreflexia is usually _____ in nature; however, it can be caused by functionally by ______.

Answer 28

neurogenic, blockage

Question 29

Define: Pyuria

Answer 29

• the presence of pus in the urine, typically from bacterial infection.

Question 30

What are five fluid imbalance clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease?

Answer 30

• Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
• Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
• Anuria (no UO)
• Oliguria (reduced UO)
• Polyuria (excessive UO)

Question 31

What are waste product clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease?

Answer 31

• Abnormal BUN and Creatinine levels
• Various clinical manifestations reflect the effects of toxic levels of the waste products on the body systems

Question 32

What clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease are associated with Electrolytes?

Answer 32

• high levels of some electrolytes (e.g., potassium and phosphate)
• low values in others (e.g., calcium and bicarbonate)
• high serum potassium level is of particular concern because it alters conduction of electrical impulses in the heart and can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 33

What clinical manifestations of renal disfunction/disease are associated with the Acid-Base balance?

Answer 33

• Severe kidney dysfunction generally results in:
  
  • Metabolic acidosis
• The body’s cells do not tolerate acidosis well and cellular functions suffer.
• Of particular concern is the effect on the cardiovascular system, which can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

Question 34

Polyphagia

Answer 34

Also known as hyperphagia, is the medical termfor excessive or extreme hunger that doesn’t go away after eating.

Question 35

Polydipsia

Answer 35

• Constant, excessive drinking as a result of thirst.
• Polydipsia occurs in untreated or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.