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z_NUR112: Exam 4 > Ch 46: Urination - UTI's and Catheters > Flashcards

Ch 46: Urination - UTI's and Catheters Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common hospital-acquired infection in the United States?

A

UTI

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2
Q

A lower UTI affects the:

A

urethra and bladder

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3
Q

An upper UTI affects

A

The ureter and kidneys

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4
Q

What is the baterium that causes UTIs?

A

e. coli

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5
Q

When E. coli colonizes and ascends up the urethra and into the bladder, it causes…

A

cystitis

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6
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is often caused by UTI and is usually accompanied by frequent painful urination.

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7
Q

If a UTI continues to ascend into the ureters and up into the kidneys, it causes…

A

pyelonephritis

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8
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Inflammation of the substance of the kidney as a result of bacterial infection (UTI).

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9
Q

What are the UTI stats for sexually active young women?

A

25-35% will get at least 1 UTI a year

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10
Q

What are the UTI stats for older adult women in nursing homes?

A

30-50% have bacteria at any given time

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11
Q

What are the symtpoms of Cystitis

A
  • Dysuria
  • Urgency
  • Frequency
  • Pyuria
  • Bacteriuria
  • Suprapubic discomfort
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Pyelonephritis?

A

Same as Cystitis with the addition of:

  • fever
  • chills
  • severe flank pain
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13
Q

How is mild pyelonephritis treated?

A

Can be treated at home with oral antibiotics

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14
Q

How is severe pyelonephritis treated?

A

Treatment will require hospitalization and IV antibiotics

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15
Q

What are the main risk factors of UTIs?

A
  • Gender: Female
  • Age
  • Indwelling catheter
  • Certain Conditions
    • Diabetes
    • Suppressed immune system – either through disease or medications
    • Urinary tract obstruction
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16
Q

What Objective data indicates a UTI?

A
  • Bladder discomfort on palpation
  • Abnormal urinalysis results (presence of pathogen, occult, or gross hematuria possible)
17
Q

What Subjective data indicates a UTI?

A

Patient reports:

  • Dysuria
  • Urgency
  • Frequency
  • Nocturia
  • Cloudy urine or hematuria
  • Urinary hesitancy may be present
  • Perineal itching
18
Q

What are the three types of catheterization?

A
  1. Intermittent
  2. Short-term indwelling
  3. Long-term indwelling
19
Q

When is Intermittent Catheterization used?

A
  • Relief off discomfort of bladder distension (Decompression)
  • Obtain a sterile urine specimen when clen-catch specimen is unubtainable
  • Assessment of residual urine after urination
  • Long-term management of clients with
    • spinal cord injuries
    • neuromuscular degeneration
    • incompetent bladders
20
Q

When is Short-term Indwelling Catheterization used?

A
  • When their is an obstruction to urin outflow (prostate enlargement)
  • Surical repair of bladder, urethra and surround structures
  • Prevention of urethral obstruction from blood clots after genito-urinary surgery
  • Measurement of urinary output in critically ill clients
  • Continuous or intermittent bladder irrigations
21
Q

When is Long-term Indwelling Catheterization used?

A
  • Severe urinary retention with episodes of UTI
  • Skin rashes, ulcers or wounds irrigated by contact with urine
  • Terminal illness when bed linen changes are painful for client
22
Q

What are the four types of “invasive” catheters?

A
  1. Straight
  2. Foley
  3. Coude´
  4. Triple-lumen
23
Q

Description and Use

Straight Catheter

A
  • Description
    • Single-lumen catheter
  • Use
    • Intermittent urine drainage
    • Single use (“in-and-out”) catheterization, or short-term
    • Urine specimen collection
    • Catheter is usually removed as soon as the bladder is drained or specimen obtained
24
Q

Description and Use

Foley Catheter

A
  • Description
    • Two-lumen indwelling catheter
    • Anchoring balloon present
    • Lumen 1: balloon inflation
    • Lumen 2: urine drainage
  • Use
    • Continuous drainage of urine
25
Q

Description and Use

Coude´Catheter

A
  • Description
    • Two forms: single-lumen or two-lumen (same as Foley)
    • Catheter is bent at the tip and slightly stiff
    • A metal introducer wire may be inserted inside the catheter lumen to facilitate passage of tube (performed by primary care provider or urologist)
  • Use
    • Facilitates bladder access when urethra is partially constricted
    • Commonly used with prostate enlargement or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
26
Q

Description and Use

Triple Catheter

A
  • Description
    • Lumens 1 and 2: same as Foley
    • Lumen 3: used to instill sterile irrigation solution or antibiotics, and drain blood and clots
  • Use
    • Post-urologic surgery or diagnostic procedure

z_NUR112: Exam 4 (12 decks)

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