Ch. 44 Questions

Question 1

A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its stored resources in
which order?

A) glycogen, then protein, then fat
B) fat, then protein, then glycogen
C) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen
D) fat, then glycogen, then protein
E) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat

Answer 1

E) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat

Question 2

In the digestive system, peristalsis is _____.

A) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration
B) smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus
C) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation
D) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine
E) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vessel

Answer 2

B) smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus

Question 3

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that _____.

A) fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption
B) the processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of
carbohydrates does
C) fat absorption primarily occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small
intestine
D) most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood
E) carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not

Answer 3

D) most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood

Question 4

The chemical digestion of proteins begins in the _____.

A) bloodstream
B) small intestine
C) mouth
D) stomach

Answer 4

D) stomach

Question 5

The pancreas is involved in the digestion of \_\_\_\_\_.
I) protein 
II) fat 
III) nucleic acids 
IV) carbohydrates

A) I and III
B) II and IV
C) I, II, and IV
D) II, III, and IV
E) I, II, III, and IV

Answer 5

E) I, II, III, and IV

Question 6

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to
enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat?

A) pepsidase
B) salivary amylase
C) pancreatic lipase
D) secretin

Answer 6

C) pancreatic lipase

Question 7

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach?

A) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium.
B) They secrete buffers to neutralize acid.
C) They take over the parietal cells.
D) They release chemicals that decrease acid production in the stomach.

Answer 7

A) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach epithelium.

Question 8

Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

A) stomach — protein digestion
B) small intestine — starch digestion
C) pancreas — starch digestion
D) large intestine — bile production
E) oral cavity — fat absorption

Answer 8

A) stomach — protein digestion

Question 9

A major enzyme involved in protein digestion is _____.

A) amylase
B) lingual lipase
C) pepsin
D) pancreatic lipase

Answer 9

C) pepsin

Question 10

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin and trypsin are
secreted in inactive form?

A) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin.
B) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form.
D) Pepsin and trypsin have never been isolated in their fully activated form.

Answer 10

B) These proteolytic enzymes, in active form, would digest the very tissues that synthesize them.