Ch. 43 Questions

Question 1

The force driving simple diffusion is _____, while the energy source for active transport is _____.

A) the concentration gradient; ADP
B) phosphorylated protein carriers; ATP
C) transmembrane pumps; electron transport
D) the concentration gradient; ATP

Answer 1

D) the concentration gradient; ATP

Question 2

One of the waste products that accumulates during cellular functions is carbon dioxide. It is removed
via the respiratory system. What is another waste product that accumulates during normal physiological
functions in vertebrates?
I) ammonia
II) uric acid
III) urea

A) only II and III
B) only I and II
C) I, II, and III
D) only I and III

Answer 2

C) I, II, and III

Question 3

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that _____.

A) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia
B) urea does not affect the osmolar gradient
C) urea can be exchanged for Na+
D) less nitrogen is removed from the body
E) urea is less toxic than ammonia

Answer 3

E) urea is less toxic than ammonia

Question 4

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

A) urea
B) amino acids
C) uric acid
D) nitrogen gas
E) ammonia

Answer 4

C) uric acid

Question 5

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely _____.

A) found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture
B) found in freshwater lakes and streams
C) amphibious
D) marine
E) found in arid terrestrial environments

Answer 5

D) marine

Question 6

The loop of Henle dips into the renal cortex. This is an important feature of osmoregulation in
terrestrial vertebrates because _____.

A) differential permeabilities of ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle are important in establishing an osmotic gradient
B) absorptive processes taking place in the loop of Henle are hormonally regulated
C) the loop of Henle plays an important role in detoxification
D) additional filtration takes place along the loop of Henle

Answer 6

A) differential permeabilities of ascending and descending limbs of the loop of Henle are important in establishing an osmotic gradient

Question 7

For filtration to take place through the fenestrated capillaries of the renal corpuscle, _____.

A) there must be a greater pressure inside the glomerulus than in the renal tubules
B) the concentration of ions must be greater in the capillaries (the glomerulus) than in the renal tubule
C) there must be more than one capillary bed in the renal corpuscle
D) there must be a larger concentration of proteins in the renal tubule than in the glomerulus

Answer 7

A) there must be a greater pressure inside the glomerulus than in the renal tubules

Question 8

Tissues of sharks are isotonic to seawater, but their concentrations of sodium ions, potassium ions, and chloride ions in cells and extracellular fluids are similar to those of freshwater fishes. What can you infer about the movement of sodium and chloride in these animals?

A) Sharks conserve sodium and chloride, limiting excretion.
B) To maintain homeostasis of sodium and chloride levels, the shark must take up additional sodium and
chloride from seawater.
C) Sodium and chloride will diffuse into shark gills from seawater down their concentration gradient.
D) Sodium and chloride must be eliminated through the gills.

Answer 8

C) Sodium and chloride will diffuse into shark gills from seawater down their concentration gradient.

Question 9

To maintain homeostasis freshwater fish must _____.

A) take in electrolytes through simple diffusion
B) excrete large quantities of water
C) consume large quantities of water
D) excrete large quantities of electrolytes

Answer 9

B) excrete large quantities of water

Question 10

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an insect is based on the operation of _____.

A) protonephridia
B) metanephridia
C) nephrons
D) Malpighian tubules
E) ananephredia

Answer 10

D) Malpighian tubules