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NU 340 > Ch. 42 > Flashcards

Ch. 42 Flashcards

1
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • chronic disease of cellular regulation
  • bone loss causes significant decreased density and possible fracture (higher risk)
  • decreased bone mass density (BMD)
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2
Q

fragility fracture

A

caused by ostoporosis

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3
Q

osteomalacia

A

bone loss d/t lack of vit D

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4
Q

osteopenia

A

loss of bone mass

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5
Q

dowager’s hump

A
  • in the upper thoracic vertebrae
  • result of osteoporosis
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6
Q

height change with osteoporosis

A

lose up to 6 inches in height
- kyphosis

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7
Q

osteoporosis etiology (causes/risk factors)

A

genetic
lifestyle
environmental factors
nutrition- lack of vit D and calcium
protein deficiency
caucasian or asian decent
thin built

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8
Q

osteoporosis incidence and prevalence

A

54 million Americans
numbers increase as baby boomers age
females >50 years at higher risk

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9
Q

osteoporosis health promotion/ disease prevention

A

Teach young women appropriate health and lifestyle practices
Nutrition – Vitamin D
Stop smoking
Lose weight
Avoid alcohol
Limit carbonated beverages
Exercise and weight-bearing exercises: walk 30 min 3-5x/week

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10
Q

osteoporosis assessment: history

A

fall risk factors

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11
Q

osteoporosis assessment: physical assessment/ s/sx

A

kyphosis
- think back

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12
Q

osteoporosis assessment: psychosocial

A

body image

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13
Q

osteoporosis risk factors (hint: ACCESS)

A

ACCESS
alcohol
corticosteroid use
calcium low
estrogen low
smoking
sedentary lifestyle

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14
Q

osteoporosis after menopause

A

estrogen drops causing
- dorsal kyphosis
- cervical lordosis
- crush fractures: esp T-8 and below

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15
Q

who is at highest risk for osteoporosis

A

slender
female
caucasian
alcohol users
smokers
steroid users

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16
Q

most common fractures d/t osteoporosis

A

hip and colles’ fractures

17
Q

osteoporosis assessment: lab values

A

serum calcium
vit D3

18
Q

osteoporosis assessment: imaging

A

XR of spine and long bones
DXA scan**
QCT scan
vertebral imaging
MRI

19
Q

bone densitometry measures

A

bone mineral density

20
Q

priority problem for patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia

A
  • potential for fractures d/t weak, porous bone tissue
21
Q

osteoporosis: plan/interventions

A

nutrition therapy: high vit D and calcium (dairy)
lifestyle changes: no large quantities of alc, walking/swimming exercise (30 min x3 days/week)
drug therapy
- calcium and vit D pills
- bisphosphonates (1st thing in AM empty stomach, full glass of water in upright position (90°) for 30 min- esophagitis irritation, taken 1x/week)
- alenodronate

22
Q

osteoporosis care coordination and transition management

A
  • home care management: falls, throw rugs, good lighting
  • self-management education
  • health care resources
23
Q

expected outcomes of the patient with/at risk for osteoporosis

A
  • Continues to follow up with DXA screenings as recommended to assess ongoing bone health
  • Makes necessary changes in lifestyle to help prevent further bone loss
  • Does not experience a fragility fracture due to bone loss
24
Q

osteomalacia

A

soft bones often develop d/t vit D deficiency

25
Q

primary problems with metabolic bone disease

A
  • strength
  • risk for fracture
  • injury prevention
  • nutritional status
26
Q

metabolic bone disease: interventions

A

Safety precautions
Medications
Surgical management
Patient teaching
Collaborative health care team roles
Community resources

27
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection in bony tissue
- caused by bacteria, virus, fungi
(exogenous verses endogenous)
bone pain and fever
antimicrobial therapy

28
Q

osteomyelitis s/sx

A

Bone pain: unilateral
Fever: >101
Erythema and heat in the area of the infected bone
Elevated WBC count
ESR may raise later in the disease course

29
Q

osteomyelitis interventions: nonsurgical and surgical

A

nonsurgical mangement: meds
- IV ABT: 1-2 months (central line/PICC to go home)
- pain meds: usually opioids
- antipyretics: acetaminophen for fever

surgical management: when it becomes chronic, open ulcers; surgical debridement

30
Q

DXA scan

A

done to dx osteoporosis and osteopenia
- uses T score

31
Q

T scores

A

+1- -1: normal
-1 to -2.5: indicates low bone mass or osteopenia
< -2.5: indicates osteoporosis

NU 340 (26 decks)

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