Ch. 25 Flashcards
1
Q
pneumonia
A
- common resp disorder with many causes
- excess of fluid in the lungs from an inflammatory process
- inflammation triggered by infectious organisms and inhalation of irritants
2
Q
3 types pf PNA
A
- community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or nosocomial
- ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)
3
Q
infectious causes of PNA
A
Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, fungi, rickettsiae, protozoa, helminths(worms)
4
Q
infectious PNA categories
A
- CAP
- VAP
- HAP
5
Q
PNA develops when
A
Immunity cannot overcome the invading organisms
6
Q
PNA incidence and prevalence
A
- Top cause of death- 50,000 deaths annually in US from pneumonia
- 2019-1.3 million people sought emergency care
- Higher among older adults, nursing home residents, hospitalized patients, patients with neurologic or swallowing problems, patients on ventilators
- CAP > HAP
7
Q
which is more common CAP or HAP?
A
CAP
8
Q
PNA health promotion and maintenance
A
- Vaccinations
- Avoid crowded places during flu season
- Cough, turn, move, deep breathe
- Clean respiratory equipment
- Avoid pollutants, Stop smoking
- Hand hygiene
- Get rest and sleep
- Eat healthy diet
- Drink 3L of water daily (unless fluids are restricted)
9
Q
VAP incidence
A
increasing
10
Q
VAP onset
A
24-48 hours of being placed on mechanical vent
11
Q
ventilator bundles to reduce the incidence of VAP
A
- hand hygiene
- oral care
- head of bed elevated
- suctioning
12
Q
PNA: auscultation findings
A
- crackles or wheezes
- diminished breath sounds
13
Q
PNA: palpation findings
A
- increased fremitus over the area
14
Q
PNA: percussion findings
A
- dullness over the area
15
Q
PNA: nail bed assessment
A
assess nail beds for cyanosis
