CH 41 Benign Disorders of the Ovaries & Oviducts

Question 1

follicular cysts pathogenesis

Answer 1

cysts result from failure in ovulation , secondary to disturbances in the release of pituitary gonadotropins. The fluid of the incompletely developed follicle isn’t reabsorbed, producing an enlarged follicular cyst

Question 2

follicular cysts clinical findings

Answer 2

typically asymptomatic but bleeding and torsion can occur. Large cysts can cause pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and abnormal uterine bleeding associated with disturbance of ovulatory pattern

Question 3

follicular cysts treatment

Answer 3

most disappear spontaneously within 60 days. use OCPs to regulate normal rhythm.

Question 4

PCOS clinical findings

Answer 4

persistent anovulation that can lead to manifestations like enlarged polycystic ovaries, secondary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, obesity, hirsutism, and infertility. Ovaries look enlarged and sclerotic with smooth pearl white surfaces (oyster ovary)

Question 5

PCOS diagnosis

Answer 5

need at least two: oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries on US.

Question 6

PCOS labs

Answer 6

mildly elevated serum androgen levels, increased ration of LH/FSH, lipid abnormalities, and insulin resistance.

Question 7

PCOS treatment

Answer 7

treat hirsutism with any agent that lower androgen levels (OCPs). infertility can be treated with clomiphene citrate. Produce ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin. Metformin improves fertility rates. PCOS

Question 8

PCOS complications

Answer 8

more likely to have endometrial cancer, reversed with large doses of progestationa; agents like megestrol acetate for 3-4 months.

Question 9

mature teratomas clinical findings

Answer 9

or dermoid cysts, containe well differentiated tissue derived from any of the 3 germ layers (hair, teeth, ectodermal derivatives). account for majority of benign ovary neoplasms in reproductive age women. usually symptomatic

Question 10

mature teratomas imaging

Answer 10

use transvaginal US

Question 11

immature cystic teratoma

Answer 11

teratoma with immature neuroepithelial tissue. may be malignant

Question 12

mature teratomas treatment

Answer 12

laparoscopic approach for removal, if intraoperative spillage does occur there is potential for chemical peritonitis or excess adhesion formation, use copious saline irrigation to lavage