CH 39 Antimicrobial Therapy

Question 1

Penicillins examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 1

Penicillin G and V; streptococcus, neisseria; staphylcoccus, haemophilus, enterobacteriaceae; rash, anaphylaxis, drug fever, bone marrow suppression

Question 2

Ampicillins examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 2

ampicillin, amoxicillin; streptococcus, neisseria, haemophilus, e coli, enterococcus; staphylcoccus, enterobacteriaceae; diarrhea

Question 3

Antistaphylococcal PCN examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 3

Cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin; streptococcus, staphylcoccus aureus; gram negative staphylcoccus, enterococcus, MRSA; interstitial nephritis, neutropenia

Question 4

Antipseudomonas PCN examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 4

Azlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin most commonly combined with beta lactamase inhibitor; streptococcus, neisseria, haemophilus, e coli, enterococcus, pseudomonas; staphylcoccus, enterobacteriaceae; decreased platelet adhesiveness, hypokalemia

Question 5

PCN with beta lactamase inhibitor combo examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 5

Amoxicillin-clavulanate. ampicillin-sulbactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate; broad spectrum; some enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas; diarrhea

Question 6

Carbapenems examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 6

imipenem-cliastatin, meropenum, ertapenem, doripenem; broad spectrum, gram negative rods, anaerobes, pseudomonas; MRSA, many enterococci; CNS problems and seizures

Question 7

1st generation cephalosporin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 7

cefazolin, cephalexin; gram positive; gram negative, enterococcus, some staphylcoccus; rash, anaphylaxis, drug fever

Question 8

2nd generation cephalosporin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 8

cefprozil, cefuroxime, loracarbef, cefoxitin, cefotetan; gram positive some haemophilus, some enterobacteriaceae; enterococcus, pseudomonas, some staphylococcus; serum sickness

Question 9

3rd generation cephalosporin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 9

cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, ceftibuten, cefdinir, ceftazidime, cefepime; streptococcus, haemophilus, enterobacteriaceae, neisseria, pseudomonas, some staphylococcus; pseudomonas, staphylococcus, biliary sludging (ceftriaxone) rash

Question 10

clindamycin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 10

clindamycin; gram positive, anaerobes, some MRSA; gram negative, enterococcus; nausea, vomiting, hepatotoxicity.

Question 11

Vancomycin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 11

dalbavancin, oritavancin, telavancin, vancomycin; gram positive; gram negative; red man syndrome, shock, ototoxicity, renal

Question 12

Macrolides and azalides examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 12

erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin; gram positive bordetella, haemophilus, mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, salmonella, shigella; some gram negative; nausea and vomiting, pyloric stenosis, arrhythimias

Question 13

Monobactams examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 13

Aztreonam, gram negative aerobes, pseudomonas; gram positive cocci; rash, diarrhea

Question 14

Oxazolidinones examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 14

Linezolid; gram positive aerobes; gram negative aerobes; diarrhea, thrombocytopenia

Question 15

Streptogramins examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 15

quinupristin-dalfopristin; gram positive aerobes; gram negative aerobes; arthralgia, myalgia

Question 16

Fluoroquinolones examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 16

cipro, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin; gram negative, chlamydia, mycoplasma, pseudomonas, streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococci; enterococcus, streptococcus, s pneumoniae, anaerobes, staphylococcus, some enterococcus; GI, rash, CNS

Question 17

Tetracyclines examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 17

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline; anaerobes, mycloplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, ehrlichia and anaplasma; many enterobacteriaceae, staphylcoccus; teeth stain, rash, flora overgrowth, hepatotoxicity, pseudotumor cerebri

Question 18

Sulfonamides examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 18

many; gram negative (urine); gram positive; rash, renal, bone marrow suppression, stevensjohnson syndrome

Question 19

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 19

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; saureus, gram negative, s pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae; streptococcus, pseudomonas, anaerobes; rash, renal, bone marrow suppression, stevensjohnson syndrome

Question 20

Rifampin examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 20

rifampin; neisseria, haemophilus staphylococcus, streptococcus; resistance develops rapidly if used as sole agent; rash, GI, hepatotoxicity, CNS, bone marrow suppression, alters metabolism of other drugs

Question 21

Aminoglycosides examples, susceptible organisms, resistant organisms, common adverse reactions

Answer 21

amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin; gram negative, including pseudomonal aeruginosa; gram positive, anaerobes, some pseudomonads; nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, potentiates neuromuscular blocking agents