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Pharmacology - Spring 2024 > Ch. 40 - Asthma & Other Pulmonary Disorders > Flashcards

Ch. 40 - Asthma & Other Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular, elastic structures whose diameter, or lumen, varies with the contraction or relaxation of smooth muscle.

A

Bronchioles

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2
Q

Diameter of airways controlled by what?

A

Two branches of the autonomic nervous system & controls the amount of air entering the lungs.

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3
Q

The two branches of the autonomic system that controls airways

A

Sympathetic branch
Parasympathetic branch

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4
Q

Activates beta2-adrenergic receptors and causes bronchiolar smooth muscle to relax.
The airway diameter increases (bronchodilation), increasing O2 to tissues.

A

sympathetic branch of the autonomic system

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5
Q

Causes bronchiolar smooth muscle to contract
The airway diameter is narrowed:
Bronchoconstriction occurs
Results in less airflow

A

Parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

Common route of administration for pulmonary drugs

A

Inhalation/Aerosol Therapy

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7
Q

The respiratory system offers what for delivering drugs?

A

A rapid and efficient mechanism

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8
Q

The rich blood supply of the pulmonary system allows for what?

A

Quick absorption and onset of action
Delivers the drug directly to the sites of action

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9
Q

Aerosol therapy onset of action

A

almost immediate

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10
Q

Aerosol drugs administered for local effects do what?

A

Offer immediate relief of bronchospasm
Loosen thick mucus

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11
Q

Side effects are reduced, but systemic effects can still occur

A

r/t aerosol therapy

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12
Q

Disadvantage of aerosol therapy

A

Difficult to measure a precise dose
Side effects occur if the patient swallows the drug or does not rinse their mouth after inhalation

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13
Q

A chronic disease that has both inflammatory and bronchospasm compoenets

A

Asthma

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14
Q

Asthma symptoms occur when?

A

From exposure to triggers
Upon exertion (exercise-induced)

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15
Q

Common triggers of asthma

A

Air pollutants
allergens
Checmicals and food
Respiratory infections
Stress

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16
Q

Severe, prolonged form of asthma unresponsive to drug treatment that may lead to respiratory failure

A

Status asthmaticue

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17
Q

Components of Asthma

A

Bronchospasm
Mucus Production
Inflammation

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18
Q

Asthma has what two components?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Inflammation

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19
Q

Goals of drug therapy for asthma

A

To terminate acute bronchospasms in progress (quick-relief medications)
To reduce the frequency of asthma attacks (long-acting medications)

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20
Q

beta2-adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, systemic corticosteroids

A

Quick-relief medications for asthma

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21
Q

inhaled corticosteroids, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene modifiers, long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists, methylxanthines and immunomodulators

A

long-acting medications for asthma

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22
Q

Most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchospasm

A

beta adrenergic agonist

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23
Q

beta-adrenergic agonist prototype

A

albuterol

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24
Q

beta-adrenergic agonist/albuterol MOA

A

Activate beta2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation

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25
Q

Beta-adrenergic side effects

A

Fewer cardiac side effects than older nonselective beta-adrenergics

26
Q

Beta-adrenergic agonist duration range

A

ultrashort-long-acting

27
Q

Alternative bronchodilators occasionally used alternatively to beta-agonists in asthma therapy

A

anticholinergic drugs

28
Q

Anticholinergic/ipratropium (Atrovent) MOA

A

Block parasympathetic nervous system with bronchodilator effect

29
Q

Anticholinergic administration form for asthma

A

Inhaled

30
Q

Group of bronchodilators related to caffeine

A

Methylxanthines

31
Q

Once mainstay of chronic asthma pharmacotherapy

A

Methylxanthines

32
Q

theophylline

A

Example of a Methylxanthine

33
Q

Infrequently prescribed b/c of the narrow margin of safety, especially with prolonged use
Interact with numerous drugs

A

Methylxanthines

34
Q

Potent anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Corticosteroids

35
Q

Corticosteroid prototype

A

beclomethasone

36
Q

drugs of choice for long-term prophylaxis of asthma

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

37
Q

Must be taken daily
Systemic side effects rarely observed

A

Inhaled corticosteroids

38
Q

used for short-term therapy of severe, acute asthma

A

Oral corticosteroids

39
Q

Oral corticosteroids limit to therapy

A

under 10 days

40
Q

Designed to attach to specific receptor on a target cell or molecule

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

41
Q

Used for asthma prophylaxis

A

monoclonal antibodies

42
Q

Omalizumab (Xolair) approved 2003

A

monoclonal antibody example

43
Q

Omalizumab (Xolair) MOA

A

Attached to receptor on immunoglobulin E (igE)

44
Q

mediators of immune response

A

Leukotrienes

45
Q

Involved in allergic and asthmatic reactions

A

Leukotrienes

46
Q

Leukotrienes prototype

A

montelukast (Singulair)

47
Q

Primarily used for asthma prophylaxis

A

montelukast (Singulair)/leukotriene modifier

48
Q

Reduce inflammatory component of asthma

A

montelukast (Singulair)/leukotriene modifier

49
Q

used when persistent asthma not controlled with other drugs

A

oral leukotriene modifiers

50
Q

Inhibit mast cells from releasing histamine and other chemical mediators

A

mast cell stabilizers

51
Q

safe for prophylaxis of asthma

A

mast cell stabilizers

52
Q

Less effective than inhaled corticosteroids

A

mast cell stabilizers

53
Q

Ineffective at relieving acute bronchospasm

A

mast cell stabilizers

54
Q

Obstructed airflow commonly caused by: bronchitis
emphysema
asthma

A

COPD

54
Q

Pharmacotherapy goals of COPD

A

Relieve symptoms
Avoid complications

55
Q

Bronchodilators
Mucolytics and expectorants
Oxygen therapy
Antibiotics
Roflumilast (Daliresp)

A

Drug Classes for COPD

56
Q

Used to reduce the viscosity of the bronchial mucus and to aid in its removal

A

Mucolytics and expectorants

57
Q

Assists breathing and has been shown to reduce mortality in patients

A

O2 therapy

58
Q

May be prescribed for patients with multiple bouts of pulmonary infections

A

Antibiotics

59
Q

Anti-inflammatory effects on the airways by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase-4.
Oral tablet that is administered once daily

A

roflumilast (Daliresp)

Pharmacology - Spring 2024 (8 decks)

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