Ch. 4: Theory + Hypothesis

Question 1

Casual Explanations

Answer 1

Explanations that establish cause and effect relationships among variables

Question 2

Deterministic Theories

Answer 2

Theories that posit that an outcome is the only possible result associated with a particular cause

Question 3

Ecological Fallacy

Answer 3

Inferring characteristics about any one individual based on a general trend found within a group

Question 4

Explanatory power

Answer 4

the power of a theory to explain as much of an outcome as possible by evaluating multiple theories at the same time

Question 5

Individualistic Fallacy

Answer 5

Inferring a characteristic about a group based on observations from only one individual or case that belongs to the group

Question 6

Null Hypothesis

Answer 6

A hypothesis that states that there is no relationship between an indepedent and dependent variable

Question 7

Probabilistic Theories

Answer 7

Theories of causation that suggest that the likelihood of an event occurring is either higher or lower for a particular reason (i.e., the presence of ac certain value of one or more independent variables)

Question 8

Research Hypotheses

Answer 8

An expectation of how two or more variables are related

Question 9

Spurious

Answer 9

When two variables under investigation are empirically correlated, but the relationship between them is not a causal one

Question 10

Testable

Answer 10

A property in which a statement can be evaluated empirically with data to determine whether a specific hypothesis is either true or false

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

A generalized explanation for an observable outcome