Ch 4: Theories of Motivation

Question 1

What is Motivation?

Answer 1

Motivation is the individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort towards working towards their goals

Question 2

What are the three key elements of motivation?

Answer 2

1. Intensity: How hard an individual tries
2. Direction: The way in which that work drives towards
3. Persistence: How long an individual maintains effort

Question 3

What is Douglas McGregors two distinct views on human beings?

Answer 3

1. Theory X: A negative view, that employees dislike work, are lazy and must be coerced into work with rewards
2. Theory Y: A positive view, that employees like work, are creative and seeks responsibility

Question 4

What categories can Motivation theories reside in?

Answer 4

1. Needs Theories: Describes the types of needs that must be met to motivate an individual
2. Process Theories: Attempts to help us understand the actual ways we and others are motivated

Question 5

What are some examples of Needs Theories?

Answer 5

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs: Describes how lower levels of needs must be met before reaching higher levels
• Two-Factor Theory: Presents two factors, motivator factors that cause job satisfaction, and hygiene factors that cause job dissatisfaction
• McClelland’s Theory of Needs: Instead of being based on survival factors, these are motivating factors.

Question 6

What are some examples of Process Theories?

Answer 6

• Expectancy Theory
• Goal-Setting Theory
• Self-Efficacy Theory
• Reinforcement Theory