Ch 4 The Role Of Interpretation

Question 1

On page 46 of the textbook we talk about an account of a street robbery whereby a man in the 60s details his witness to a Street robbery. I direct realist reading of the data would take the account provided by the witness how?

Answer 1

At face value and our analysis would be concerned with identifying patterns in his own and other peoples behaviours and reactions as described by the witness.

Question 2

On page 46 of the textbook we talk about an account of a street robbery whereby a man in the 60s details his witness to a Street robbery. A critical realist interpretation of the data would take the account provided by the witness how?

Answer 2

They would not necessarily assume a straightforward relationship between the account and what really happened during the robbery. Here the researcher may make inferences about the underlying mechanisms which generate the account provided by the witness. For example, it could be that there was in fact no knife involved in the incident and that the fearful witness only thought that he saw a knife because that is what he expected to see in this situation.

Question 3

On page 46 of the textbook we talk about an account of a street robbery whereby a man in the 60s details his witness to a Street robbery. Here the phenomenological researcher once the data to tell them something about …?

Answer 3

The quality and meaning of the witnesses experience of observing the attack on the girl .

Question 4

On page 46 of the textbook we talk about an account of a street robbery whereby a man in the 60s details his witness to a Street robbery. In order to extract information about the experiential meanings contained within the account of the robbery, the phenomenological researcher Might pay particular attention to the way in which the witness …?

Answer 4

Foregrounds his own vulnerability by referring to himself as having a bad back, as being the 60s, and is not feeling as strong as he used to.

Question 5

A social constructionist reading of the data in relation to the text account of the Street robbery will be interested in?

Answer 5

How the witness is constructing his experience of the robbery through available discursive resources.

Question 6

In regards to the texts account of a street robbery, what types of questions would a social constructionist researcher ask of the data?

Answer 6

How languages use by the witness in his account and what kind of a version of events is produced as a result.

Question 7

What to interpretive orientations does the text discuss?

Answer 7

Suspicious interpretation and empathic interpretation.

Question 8

What is the goal of suspicious interpretation?

Answer 8

To reveal a hidden truth. It can be compared to detective work where the evidence at the scene of a crime must be interpreted in order to find out who committed the crime and why.

Question 9

Finish this sentence. since suspicious interpretation requires that the evidence is decoded in someway so that it can be deciphered and translated back into its deeper meaning. This type of interpretation tends to be…?

Answer 9

Theory Driven

Question 10

In terms of suspicious interpretation the fact that it is theory driven exposes a danger. What is this danger?

Answer 10

Since the usefulness and validity is presuppose there is a danger that suspicious interpretations impose meaning upon the data, making the data fit the theory.

Question 11

What is the researches goal of empathic interpretation?

Answer 11

To get as close to the research participants experience as possible and try to understand it from ‘within’.

Question 12

Finish this sentence empathic interpretation 6 to obtain a better understanding of the meaning which is contained within the data by engaging with what presents itself example takes an interview transcript without bringing theoretical concepts from the outside. Therefore, empathic interpretation does not…

Answer 12

Use theory in the same way as suspicious interpretation does.

Question 13

Feeling the missing words. Empathic interpretations focus on what is…… rather than what might be …..

Answer 13

There
Hidden

Question 14

The difference between suspicious and empathic interpretation is?

Answer 14

The former applies theoretical concepts in imported from outside of the data in order to make sense of the data or empathic interpretation attempts to draw out an explicate meaning that is implicit in the data.

Question 15

using the phenomenological reading of the account of the street robbery, it was established that the witness foregrounded his physical vulnerabilities by referring to his bad back, his relatively advanced age, and the fact that he’s not as strong as he used to be. The empathic interpretation could argue what?

Answer 15

Although the witness does not state explicitly that he does not experience himself as a sort of person who is robust enough to challenge the robbers, it could be argued that this meaning is indeed implicit within what he is saying about himself.

Question 16

Does it text arguing that suspicious interpretations and empathic interpretations are mutually exclusive?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What reason does the text provide to explain the relationship between suspicious and empathic interpretations?

Answer 17

The text explains that the two approaches to interpretation have a relationship with one another and this relationship is grounded in the way which humans make sense of the world around them.

Question 18

When humans encounter a phenomenon like the Street robbery, we seek to make sense of it, asking questions such as what is going on here, and what should I do in the situation? In order to make sense of something and to understand what is going on, we need to?

Answer 18

Adopt a perspective from which to view it and this intern shapes our relationship with it. The perspective we adopt inevitably shapes how we perceive something .

Question 19

To further explain the relationship between suspicious and empathic interpretations and why they are not necessarily mutually exclusive, the text refers to the hermeneutic circle. How does the hermeneutic circle reflect this relationship?

Answer 19

When we read a sentence for example, understanding of the entire sentence helps us to make sense of the meaning of individual words at the same time. We also know that if we did not understand the meaning of individual words in the first place we would not be able to form an understanding of the meaning of the whole sentence.

Question 20

What style of interpretation is compatible with a critical realist position? suspicious or empathic?

Answer 20

Suspicious

Question 21

Why is it that suspicious interpretation is most compatible with a critical realist position?

Answer 21

The type of knowledge generated through a suspicious approach to interpretation aspires to identify underlying structures or mechanisms which generate the phenomena which we encounter. suspicious interpretations also require that the researcher subscribes to a chosen theatrical framework.

Question 22

What style of interpretation is most compatible with a phenomenological approach to knowledge generation?

Answer 22

Empathic interpretation

Question 23

Why is it that empathic interpretation is most compatible with a phenomenological approach to knowledge generation?

Answer 23

An empathic approach to interpretation does not seek to draw conclusions about the structure of the social world or the human psyche. Instead it is concerned with getting closer to the quality and meaning of a phenomenon as it presents itself.

Question 24

The text explains that social constructionist research is perhaps more difficult to locate in terms of compatibility with empathic or suspicious interpretation. The text explains that the approach to interpretation adopted here is at least to some extent suspicious. Why is this?

Answer 24

From a social construction perspective language (and the social courses into which it is organised) play crucial role in this process. So although social construction is researchers do not use theories in the same way that realist research as mine there is still a sense in which social construction is research reads the data through a clearly defined theoretically informed lens (i.e. A social constructionist lens.).

Question 25

In regards to the ethics of interpretation is important to reflect upon?

Answer 25

The epistemological position taken by an interpreter and to be mindful of the possible effects of a researchers claims to know or understand something, especially if that something is somebody else’s experience.

Question 26

It has been argued that the ethical challenges associated with interpretation particularly difficult to negotiate when we are dealing with what style of interpretation?

Answer 26

Suspicious

Question 27

Why is it considered an ethical challenge when using the suspicious interpretation?

Answer 27

Because he the researchers expert position implies that they may well know better than the research participants themselves and what their experience means.

Question 28

Why is it considered an ethical challenge when using suspicious interpretations?

Answer 28

This is because the researchers expert position implies that they may well know better than the research participants themselves, what their experience means..