ch 4- stress as an example of a psychobiological process Flashcards

1
Q

stressor

A

any event that causes stress or is perceived as a threat and a challenge to our ability to cope

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2
Q

stress

A

state of mental, emotional and physiological tension, resulting from a stressor

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3
Q

internal stressor

A

cause of stress originating within an individual, can be both psychological and biological/physiological

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4
Q

external stressor

A

a cause of stress originating from outside an individual like an event or sociocultural thing or environmental extreme

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5
Q

acute stress

A

stress that usually occurs because of a sudden threat and only lasts a short time

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6
Q

chronic stress

A

stress that lasts a long time

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7
Q

fight or flight or freeze response

A

automatic biological response to a perceived stressor that increases our chances of survival in our environment

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8
Q

cortisol

A

hormone produced by the adrenal glands regulating a wide range of bodily processes, including metabolism, and is released in response to stress

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9
Q

gut brain axis GBA

A

the connecion between the CNS and enteric nervous system, enabling bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract

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10
Q

enteric nervous system

A

subdivision of the autonomic nervous system; consisting of the nerve cells lining the gastrointestinal tract and controls the digestive system

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11
Q

vagus nerve

A

nerve connecting the brain to organs in the autonomic nervous system via nerve fibres that directly link organs and the intestinal tract

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12
Q

gut

A

the gastrointesinal tract or long tube that starts at the mouth then ends at the anus

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13
Q

gut microbiota

A

microbe population found in the gut

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14
Q

microbe

A

microscopic living thing found in water, soil and the air

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15
Q

general adaptation syndrome- GAS

A

biological model of stress that propses we have a non specific biological respons to stress that occurs in 3 stages

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16
Q

alarm reaction stage

A

the first stage of the GAS, in which we become aware of the stressor; consisting of two stages- shock and countershock

17
Q

shock

A

first phase of the alarm reaction stage of the GAS, where the body’s ability to deal with the stressor, falls below normal

18
Q

countershock

A

second phase of the alarm reactance stage of GAS where the bodys ability to deal with the stressor rises above normal

19
Q

resistance stage

A

second stage of GAS where the stressor persists and the body’s resources are maximised to cope and adapt over time

20
Q

exhaustion stage

A

third stage of GAS where teh continued depletion of energy stores and high levels of hormones like a cortisol decrease resistance to the stressor and impair the immune system

21
Q

appraisal

A

process of categorising an event on the basis of its perceived significance nad how it may affect our wellbeing

22
Q

transactional model fo stress and coping

A

model that suggests a stress response is only elicited if an event is perceived to exceed our ability to cope and is based on our appraisal of the situation

23
Q

primary appraisal

A

when an individual determines whether a situation or event is significant to them and stressful or not

24
Q

irrelevant- appraisals

A

a situation that has no implications for an individuals wellbeing, as nothing will be gained or lost, or they aren’t invested in the situation

25
benign/positive
describes a situation or event that is perceived as having a positive outcome for an individual, either maintains (benign) or enhances their wellbeing (positive)
26
threat
the anticipated harm/loss in the future because of an event
27
harm/loss
the damage to the indiviual that has already occured as a result of a stressor
28
challenge
perceived potential for personal gain or growth from an event
29
secondary appraisal
when an individual considers the available resources and their own coping strategies to decide the best way of dealing with a stressor
30
coping
all the things we do to manage and reduce the stress we experience
31
coping strategy
method we use to manage or reduce the stress produced by a stressor
32
coping flexibility
the ability to modify our coping strategies to adapt and meet the demands of different stressful situations
33
context specific effectiveness
when a coping strategy matches or is appropriate to the stressful situation
34
approach strategy
an effort to confront a stressor and deal directly with it and its effect
35
avoidance strategy
an effort to avoid a stressor and not deal directly with it and its effects