ch 2- recording and analysing data, drawing and communicating conclusions Flashcards

1
Q

primary data

A

data collected through first hand research for an intended purpose

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2
Q

secondary data

A

data obtained second hand through research conducted by another person for another purpose

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3
Q

qualitative data

A

data that describes characteristics and qualities

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4
Q

quantitative data

A

data that includes measurable values and quantities and can be compared on a numerical scale

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5
Q

percentage

A

a part of a whole, a proportion out of 100

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6
Q

percentage change

A

a calculation of the degree of change in a value over time

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7
Q

measures of central tendency

A

category of statistics that describes the central value of a set of data

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8
Q

mean

A

a statistic that is the average value of a set of data

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9
Q

median

A

the middle value in an ordered set of data

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10
Q

mode

A

value that occurs most frequently within a set of data

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11
Q

measures of variability

A

category of statistics that describe the distribution of data

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12
Q

standard deviation

A

spread of the data around the mean

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13
Q

tables

A

a way to display data and or summarise statistics clearly

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14
Q

bar charts

A

a way to display data with discrete categories

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15
Q

line graph

A

a way to display numerical and continuous data

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16
Q

true value

A

the true value or range of values that would be found if the quantity could be measured perfectly

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17
Q

accuracy

A

how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity being measured

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18
Q

precision

A

how close a set of measurement values agree with each other

19
Q

repeatability

A

the closeness of the agreement between successive measurements of the same quantity, under the same conditions

20
Q

reproducability

A

the closeness of the agreement between measurements of the same quantity, carried out under different conditions

21
Q

validity

A

whether a measurement measures what is supposed to measure

22
Q

internal validity

A

whether a study investigates what it sets out to or what it claims to investigate

23
Q

external validity

A

whether the results of research can be applied to similar individuals in a different setting

24
Q

personal errors

A

a mistake, miscalculation or observer error made when conducting research

25
measurement error
the difference between the measured and the true value
26
systematic error
an error that causes readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made.
27
random error
an error that creates unpredictable variations in the measurement process and results in a spread of readings
28
uncertainty
a lack of exact knowledge of the value being measured
29
contradictory data
data that appears incorrect
30
incomplete data
data that has elements missing
31
outliers
a value that lies a long way from other results
32
opinion
a judgement that is not necessarily based on proof
33
anecdote
a short personal account of an event
34
evidence
a verified fact
35
conclusion
a statement about the findings of a study which addresses the aim and the hypothesis
36
limitations of conclusions
the faults or flaws in the design of an investigation design that may limit the conclusions of that investigation
37
implications
the impact a study might have on the population, relevant theory and future research
38
scientific report
report outlining why and how some research was conducted, with an analysis of the findings
39
abstract
a section of a scientific report that is a concise summary of the whole investigation
40
intro section
provides an overview of what the investigation is trying to achieve and why it is important
41
methodology
describes the participants, materials and procedures used in the study
42
results
outlines the evidence and findings of the study
43
discussion
analyses the findings and concludes the research