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Medical Terminology > Ch. 4 Stomach and Intestines > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Stomach and Intestines Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Body

A

The main portion of the stomach

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2
Q

Cardiac Sphincter

A

Valve between the esophagus and stomach

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3
Q

Fundus

A

Cranial, rounded portion of the stomach

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4
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

A

Valve between the stomach and duodenum

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5
Q

Pylorus (Antrum)

A

Caudal portion of the stomach

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6
Q

Rumen

A

Largest compartment of the ruminant stomach, where fermentation takes place (the process of breaking down organic compounds into simpler substances), larger ingesta

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7
Q

Reticulum

A

Small, most cranial portion of the ruminant stomach and is lined with mucous membranes in a hexagonal pattern. (honeycomb), smaller ingesta

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8
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the intestine into the bloodstream

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9
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Space below the diaphragm containing organs such as the liver, stomach, intestines (abdomen)

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10
Q

Alimentary Tract

A

All organs associated with the passage of food from the mouth to the anus (gastrointestinal tract)

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11
Q

Amino Acids

A

“Building blocks” of proteins that are produced with the ingestion of protein

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12
Q

Anal Sacs

A

Pair of sacs between the internal and external anal sphincters. Walls are lined with glands that secrete a malodorous material (territorial marking)

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13
Q

Anus

A

Opening from the GI tract to the outside of the body

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14
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the breakdown of fat (emulsification)

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15
Q

Bilirubin

A

Metabolite of hemoglobin breakdown; pigment released by the liver in bile

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16
Q

Bolus

A

Rounded mass of food (in the case of pharmaceuticals it refers to the preparation ready to be swallowed

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17
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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18
Q

Cecum

A

Small, blind sac where the small and large intestines meet (site of fermentation in horses and rabbits)

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19
Q

Common Bile Duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

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20
Q

Defecation

A

Passage of feces from the anus to the outside of the body (elimination)

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21
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

22
Q

Diaphragm

A

Thin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

23
Q

Duedenum

A

First part of the small intestine where absorption takes place

24
Q

Emulsification

A

Breakdown of large fat globules into smaller globules

25
Q

Enzymes

A

Chemicals that speed up a reaction

26
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf-like piece of cartilage over the trachea (windpipe) to prevent aspiration of food

27
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

28
Q

Feces

A

Stool, solid waste

29
Q

Flatulence

A

Presence of gas in the stomach and intestines

30
Q

Gallbladder

A

Sac under the liver that stores bile

31
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

32
Q

Gluconeogensis

A

Production of glucose in the liver using fats and proteins

33
Q

Glycogen

A

Form of glucose in the liver, starch for animals

34
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen is converted back into glucose in the liver when the patient becomes hypoglycemic

35
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine

36
Q

Labia

A

Lips

37
Q

Liver

A

Largest organ in the abdomen, responsible for synthesizing protein and bile, maintaining blood sugar, and detoxifying blood

38
Q

Lumen

A

Cavity or channel within a tube

39
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

40
Q

Mesentary

A

Membranous sheet that holds the organs of the abdominal cavity in place, contains blood vessels and lymph nodes

41
Q

Mucosa

A

Mucous membrane of the intestine

42
Q

Omentum

A

Absorbs excess fluid and adheres to wounds to act as the body’s natural band-aid

43
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon

44
Q

Parenchyma

A

Tissue composed of the essential cells in any organ

45
Q

Peristalis

A

Wave-like contractions of the tubes of the GI tract

46
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane surrounding the organs of the abdomen

47
Q

Pharnyx

A

Throat

48
Q

Rectum

A

Last portion of the colon

49
Q

Sphincter

A

Group of ring-like muscles that can contract in diameter

50
Q

Treachea

A

Windpipe

51
Q

Villi

A

Microscopic, finger-like projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Medical Terminology (25 decks)

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