Ch 4 - Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Flashcards
What do all connective tissues have in common?
- Specialized cells (i.e. bone & blood)
- Ground substance
- Protein fibers
What types of protein fibers are in connective tissue?
- Collagen > flexibility & strength
- Reticular fibers > thin collagen fibers; highly branched, forming supporting networks
- Elastic fibers > contain elastin (not as strong as collagen, but more elastic)
What is the matrix in connective tissue?
Includes ground substance and fibers
What are the three main types of connective tissue?
- Fibrous = loose, dense
- Supportive = cartilage, bone
- Fluid = blood, lymph
What is loose fibrous connective tissue?
Tissue that allows organs to expand, for example, the lungs and bladder. Another example = adipose tissue (fat storage).
What is dense fibrous connective tissue?
Contains densely packed collagen fibers, for example, tendons and ligaments
What type of tissue does cartilage fall under? What are the 3 types of cartilage and examples of each?
Supportive connective tissue
- Hyaline = nose, end of long bones (only fine collagen fibers)
- Elastic = ears (more elastic fibers than collagen)
- Fibrocartilage = vertebrae disks and cushions in knee joints (strong collagen fibers)
What type of tissue does bone fall under? What are the 2 types of bone and give examples of each?
Supportive connective tissue
- Compact = shaft of long bones
- Spongy = ends of long bone and surrounds bone marrow cavity
What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?
- Blood = red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
2. Lymph = lymph + white blood cells (also absorb fat molecules in the small intestine to transport to blood vessels)
What are platelets?
Fragments of giant cells present only in bone marrow that assist with the clotting process
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscular
- Epithelial
What are the 3 types of muscular tissue? Which are striated and which aren’t?
- Skeletal muscle = muscle attached to skeleton, associated w/ voluntary movement. Striated (striped)
- Smooth muscle = involuntary movement associated with bodily processes and movement of substances in things like blood vessels and the digestive tract. Non-striated.
- Cardiac muscle = involuntary movement to pump blood through heart. Striated
What does nervous tissue consist of?
Nerve cells (called neurons) and neuroglia, which are the cells that support and nourish the neurons.
What are the 3 parts of a nueron?
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- Axon
How do signals travel through the body?
From sensory receptors –> Spine –> Brain. Or the other way around: Brain –> Spine –> Sensory receptors