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Med Term > Ch. 4 Muscular System > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia

A

A band of connective tissues the envelopes, separates, or binds together muscle or groups of muscles.
Flexible to allow muscle movement

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2
Q

Tendons

A

Connect MUSCLES to BONES , narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

Visceral muscle

A

Aka smooth muscle,
Visceral- relating to internal organs
Found in hollow structures

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4
Q

Muscle innervation

A

The stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve (nerves that enable the brain to tell a muscle to move).

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5
Q

Neuromuscular

A

Pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle

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6
Q

Abduction

A

Ab - away from
Duct - to lead
Ion - action
Moving away from the midline

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7
Q

Adduction

A

Ad- toward
Duct - to lead
Ion - action
Moving toward the midline

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8
Q

Hyperextension

A

Hyper - over, excessive
Ex - away from
Tens - to stretch
Ion - action
Extreme, overextension beyond the limit

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9
Q

Depression of muscle

A

Lowers a body part
Ex depressor anguli oris - lowers the corners of the mouth to a frown

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10
Q

Rotation

A

Circular movement around axis of a joint
Ex shoulder in a circular movement

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11
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular motion from far end of limb
Ex. Hand in circular motion

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12
Q

Supination

A

Rotating hand or foot so that palm or sole is up
Think hold a bowl of soup

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13
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating hands and feet so palms or soles are pointed downward

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14
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Pointing the toes upward at ankle

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15
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Bends foot downward

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16
Q

Origin

A

Where a muscle begins, located nearest to midline or a less movable part of skeleton
The less movable attachment

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17
Q

Insertion

A

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon, farthest from midline, more movable

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18
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Stern/o - breastbone
Cleid/o - collar bone
Mastoid - inserts into mastoid process

Muscle helps bend neck and rotate head
Named for origins and insertion points

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19
Q

Oblique

A

Slanted, pertaining to direction of muscle fibers

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20
Q

Rectus

A

Straight in alignment with vertical axis of the body

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21
Q

Sphincter

A

A ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passage way, each names for passage involved

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22
Q

Transverse

A

Muscle fibers that go in a crosswise direction
Ex transverse abdominis goes acrossthe abdomin

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23
Q

Triceps

A

Tri -three
Ceps - heads

Named bc they are formed by 3 devisions

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24
Q

Deltoid muscles

A

Located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle, the Greek letter Delta

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25
Q

Hamstring

A

Muscles in back of the leg
Named for the muscles that butchers hang slaughtered pigs

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26
Q

Frontalis

A

Forehead muscle, raises and lowers eyebrows

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27
Q

Temporalis

A

Muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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28
Q

Masseter

A

Moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing
One of the strongest muscles

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29
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

Located on side of abdomen, engaged when a person laughs or coughs

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30
Q

Deltoid

A

Makes cap of the shoulder

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31
Q

Trapezius

A

Moves the head and shoulder blades

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32
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Extends the leg at the knee

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33
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Made of 4 muscles, including vastus lateralis and vastus medialis to flex and extend the leg at the knee

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34
Q

Hamstring group

A

Involved in knee flexion and hip extension

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35
Q

Gastronemics

A

Calf muscle that flexes knee and bends the foot downward
Latin for “stomach of the leg” bc of its bulge

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36
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Fibr/o - fibrous tissue
My - muscle
Algia - pain

A debilitating (causing weakness) chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse of specific muscle, joint, or bone pain + widens range of other symptoms

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37
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Ten/o - tendon
Synov - synovial membrane
Itis - inflammation

Inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

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38
Q

Tendinitis/tendonitis

A

Tendin - tendon
Itis - inflammation

Inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint

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39
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

A chronic, debilitating disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems,
Profound fatigue not improved by rest and worsened by physical or mental activity

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40
Q

Adhesion

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
A result of an injury or surgery

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41
Q

Atrophy

A

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
Caused by pathology or disuse of a muscle over a long period of time

42
Q

Myalgia

A

My - muscle
Algia - pain

Tenderness or pain in the muscles

43
Q

Myocele

A

My/o -muscle
Cele - hernia

Herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

44
Q

Myolysis

A

My/o - muscle
Lysis - destruction or breaking down in disease

Degeneration (deterioration) of muscle tissue

45
Q

Myorrhexis

A

My/o - muscle
Rrhexis - rupture

The rupture or tearing of a muscle

46
Q

Polymyositis

A

Poly- many
Myos - muscle
Itis - inflammation

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

47
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Rhabdomy/o - striated muscle
Lysis - breakdown

A serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury
Death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure

48
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Sarc/o - flesh
Penia - deficiency

A loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

49
Q

Atonic

A

A - without
Ton - tone
Ic - pertaining to

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

50
Q

Dystonia

A

Days - bad
Ton - tone
Ia - condition

A condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

51
Q

Ataxia

A

A - without
Tax - coordination
Ia - condition

Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
Shaky and unsteady, caused by abnormal activity in the cerebellum

52
Q

Contracture

A

The permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues from lack of use

53
Q

Hypotonia

A

Hypo- deficient
Ton - tone
Ia- condition

Condition where the tone of skeletal muscle is diminished

54
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Intermittent- coming and going in intervals
Claudication - limping

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest, due to poor circulation

55
Q

Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more movements
Ex a tic is a repeated spasm

56
Q

Myoclonus

A

My/o - muscle
Clon - violent action
Us - noun ending

Quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle/group of muscles from falling asleep or neurological disorders

57
Q

Singultus

A

Hiccups
Myoclonus of the diaphragm

58
Q

Cramps

A

Painful localized muscle spasms

59
Q

Torticollis

A

Wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contractions of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

60
Q

Bradykinesia

A

Brady - slow
Kines - movement
Ia - condition

Extreme slowness in movement

61
Q

Dyskinesia

A

Dys - bad
Kines - movement
Ia - condition
Distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

62
Q

Hyperkinesia

A

Hyper - excessive
Kines - movement
Ia - condition

Abnormally increased muscle function or activity

63
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Myasthenia - muscle weakness
Gravis - latin, grave or serious

Chronic autoimmune disease, affects the neuro-muscular junction, produces serious weakness in voluntary muscles, especially face

64
Q

Muscular dystrophy

A

Diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting nervous system

65
Q

Repetitive stress/motion disorder

A

Variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in daily activities
Ex compartment syndrome-compresses nerves and blood vessels due to swelling in an enclosed space of fascia

66
Q

Myofascial pain syndrome

A

Chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout body, caused by muscles being contracted repeatedly, characterized by development of trigger points (local and referred pain)

67
Q

Impingement syndrome

A

When inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between shoulder joint bones

68
Q

Ruptured rotator cuff

A

When irritated tendon weakens and tears
When rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if overuse continues

69
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

When tendons that pass through carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become swollen and inflamed
Carpal tunnel releases relieves this

70
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

Harmless, usually painless, fluid filled swelling the occurs most commonly on outer surfaces of the wrist
Caused by repeated minor injuries

71
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Epi - on
Condyl - condyle (round end of bone)
Itis - inflammation

Inflammation in tissues surrounding elbow
Lateral- back side, medial- inside

72
Q

Heel spur

A

Calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus(heel) bone
May be a cause of plantar fasciitis

73
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

An inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot and heel pain when walking or running

74
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a JOINT when a ligament is wrenched or torn
To ankle, knee, wrist

75
Q

Strain

A

Overuse Injury to the body of a muscle or attachment of a tendon
Stretched or torn

76
Q

Shin splint

A

Tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from tiba(shin bone)
From repeated stress to lower leg like running on hard surfaces

77
Q

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS)

A

An overuse injury caused by it band rubbing against bone, often in the knee area
IT band runs from hip diagonally to tibia

78
Q

Spinal cord injury

A

Vertebrae either pushed or pulled out of alignment or broken and pressed into spinal cord
Interrupts brain to body, higher injury equals more affected
Complete sci is no improvement

79
Q

Paralysis

A

Loss of sensation and voluntary movement in muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
Temp or permanent

80
Q

Myoparesis

A

A weakness/ slight muscle paralysis

81
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Hemi - half
Paresis - partial/incomplete paralysis

Slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

82
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis affecting one side of the body

83
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of both legs and lower part of body

84
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all 4 extremities

85
Q

Deep tendon reflexes

A

Tested with a hammer that strikes the tendon to test for the involuntary response to the stimulant

86
Q

Range-of-motion testing (ROM)

A

Diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

87
Q

Electromyography (EMG)

A

Diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscles fibers in response to nerve stimulation
Used when ppl have symptoms of weakness and impaired strength

88
Q

Muscle biopsy

A

Involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination by a biopsy needle

89
Q

Antispasmodic

A

Medication that suppresses smooth muscle contractions of stomach, intestines, or bladder

90
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxant

A

Meds relax muscles to relieve stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by sprains, strains, etc

91
Q

Neuromuscular blocker

A

Drug causes temporary paralysis by blocking transmissions of nerve stimuli to muscles

92
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
Ex. Equipment in workplace mad to reduce injuries

93
Q

Myofascial release

A

Specialized soft tissue manipulation technique used to ease pain of conditions

94
Q

ADLs

A

Activities of daily living
Grooming, eating, dressing, etc

95
Q

Therapeutic ultrasound

A

High-frequency sound waves that generate heat deep within the muscle tissue
Ease pain, reduce spasms, speed up healing

96
Q

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

A

Uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which causes changes in muscles

97
Q

Fasciotomy

A

A surgical incision through the fascia to relieve pressure or tension

98
Q

Fascioplasty

A

The surgical repair of a fascia

99
Q

Tenodesis

A

Ten/o - tendon
Desis - bind or tie together

Surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

100
Q

Tenolysis

A

Ten/o - tendon
Lysis - to set free

The release of a tendon from and adhesion

101
Q

Tenorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing together of a tendon

Med Term (6 decks)

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