Ch 4 Mummies Flashcards
What do we call the time after King Narmer united Egypt?
The Old Kingdom of Egypt
How long did The Old Kingdom of Egypt last?
Over one thousand years.
What does A.D. stand for?
Anno Domini, or the year of our lord
What does C.E. stand for?
Common era
What does B.C. stand for?
Before christ.
What does B.C.E stand for?
Before the common era
Mummy
The body of a dead person treated with spices, salts, and wrapped in linen strips.
Embalming
Preserving a body.
The Egyptians believed that a person couldn’t enter the afterlife if this didn’t happen.
Embalming.
How long did it take to make a mummy?
Two months.
How does the heart get special treatment?
It is removed, washed and wrapped in linen. Then it is placed back in the chest.
They believed that the heart is weighed and if it is heavy it is full of sin and a monster will eat it. If it is light the person is good and will be happy.
How is a mummy embalmed?
The body is washed with wine and spices.
The organs are removed, washed and placed in special spices.
The body is covered in spices and salt and left for forty days.
Then four of the organs are washed and placed in special jars.
What happens after the mummy is embalmed?
The body is wrapped in strips of linen. Special jewelry is added to protect the person.
A gold mask that looks just like the person is placed on his face.
Why does the mummy need a mask that looks like him?
So the gods recognize him.
What ceremony does the priest preform before the mummy can be put into his coffins?
A special stick was used to touch his mouth, eyes and ears so he can see, hear and speak in the afterlife.
What are the three coffins that the mummy is put in?
First is gold with the mummys face on it.
Second is a wooden coffin to protect the gold one.
Third is a stone coffin inside of the tomb.
Sarcophagus
The final stone coffin inside of the tombs.
What else did the people make sure the mummy had in his tomb?
Food, tools, boats, ect. Supplies for the afterlife.
Canopic Jars
The four jars that a mummies organs are placed in. The lids have heads of gods on them to protect the organs.
What happened to most of the tombs full of treasure?
They were found by grave robbers and the stuff was stolen.
What did the Egyptians do to protect tombs from grave robbers?
They built stone chambers with small shafts to put the mummies and stuff in then the shaft was filled in.
Mastaba Tomb
An Egyptian tomb made of a stone chamber and small entry shaft.
Pyramid
Giant fortresses to keep pharos and their treasure safe in their tomb.
Why were the pyramids shaped the way they were?
They believed that the pharaoh was a god and would ascend to the sky by climbing the sides of the pyramid.
The great pyramid
The largest of the pyramids. Holds Cheops tomb. Was covered in limestone and possibly had a gold top. Had lots of tunnels and dead ends to confuse robbers.
How many pyramids did the Egyptians make?
35
How much did each block weigh
Three tons.
How did the Egyptians build the pyramids.
By hand. They didn’t have machines.
Sphinx
A creature with a mans head and a lions body.
A giant statue of one was built to guard the great pyramid.
