CH 4 Medical Term Flashcards
abduction
movement away from median plane of the body
adduction
movement of a limb toward the median plane
adhesion
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
ataxia
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atrophy
weakness or wearing away to body tissue and structures caused by pathology or by disuse over a long period of time
bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
carpal tunnel syndrome
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
chronic fatigue syndrome
a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia syndrome
circumduction
movement around an axis such that the proximal end of a limb is fixed and the distal end traces a circle
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or a joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
dorsiflexion
movement of a part moving towards the dorsum
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
dystonia
a condition of abnormal muscle tone
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
ergonomics
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
exercise physiologist
a person who has an academic degree in exercise physiology
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fibromyalgia syndrome
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms
ganglion cyst
a harmless fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting only one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hernia
the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
hypotonia
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscle
impingement syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bone within the shoulder joint
insertion
the movable attachment of the distal end of a muscle.
placing or implanting of something into something else
intermittent claudication
pain in the legs muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
myocele
the herniation of muscle substance through a tear in fascia surrounding it
myoclonus
the sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
myolysis
the degeneration of muscle tissue
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
neuromuscular
both nerves and muscle
nocturnal
occurring in the night
oblique
slanting diagonal
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine
plantar
the sole of the foot
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
pronation
the act of lying prone or face downward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
range of motion testing
a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging
shin splints
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
spasmodic torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle that pull the head toward the affected side
sphincter
circular muscle constricting an orafice
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath around a tendon
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenorrhaphy
surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon
transverse
lying or extending across one side of the body to the other
