CH 3 Medical Term Flashcards
acetabulum
the cavity or depression on the lateral surface of the innominate bone (hip bone)
allogenic
having a different genetic constitution but belonging to the same species
ankylosing spondylitis
a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
arthrodesis
a surgical procedure to stiffen a joint
arthrolysis
surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint
arthroscopy
visual examination of the internal structure of a joint using an arthroscope
autologous
originating within an individual
chondroma
a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells
chondromalacia
abnormal softening of the cartilage
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
compression fracture
a fracture in which the bone is pressed together on itself
costochondritis
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
craniostenosis
a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures
crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
fibrous dysplasia
a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous (scar-like) tissue
hallux valgus
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hemarthrosis
blood within the joint
hemopoietic
blood cell production
internal fixation
fracture treatment in which pins or a plate are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken piece in place
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
an autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 years or less, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
laminectomy
the surgical removal of a lamina from a vertebra
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spin
lumbago
pain of the lumbar region of the spine
malleolus
the protuberance on both sides of the ankle joint
manubrium
an anatomical process or part shaped like a handle
metacarpals
the bones of the metacarpus (hand)
metatarsals
any of the bones of the metatarsus (foot)
myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells of the red bone marrow
open fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
orthopedic surgeon
is a medical specialist who focuses on injuries and diseases affecting your musculoskeletal system (bones, muscles, joints and soft tissues)
orthotic
a mechanical appliance, such a leg brace or splint , that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function
osteitis
inflammation of bone
osteoarthritis
the type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteoclasis
the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones in adults
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
osteonecrosis
the death of bone tissue due to an insufficient blood supply
osteopenia
thinner that average bone density
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging
osteoporotic hip fracture
a fracture of a hip weakened by osteoporosis that can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall
osteorrhaphy
surgical suturing or wiring together of bone
paget’s disease
a bone of unknown cause, characterized by excessive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation
pathologic fracture
occurs when weakened bone breaks under normal strain
percutaneous vertebroplasty
treatment of osteoporosis-related compression fractures by injecting bone cement to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column
periostitis
inflammation of the periosteum
podiatrist
a health professional specializing in podiatry
prothesis
a device designed to replace a missing part of the body or to make a part of the body work better
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the synovial membranes, and other body tissues, are inflamed and thickened
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children involving defective bone growth due to vitamin D deficiency
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
spondylolisthesis
the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae below it
spondylosis
a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
synovectomy
the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
vertebrae
the individual bones that stack on top of each other to form the vertebral column, commonly known as the spine
