CH 2 Medical Term Flashcards
Abdominal cavity
the space in the abdomen that contains many vital organs, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and kidneys
Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue
Adenoma
Benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue
Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland
Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland
Anaplasia
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
Anatomy
the study of the body’s structure
Anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal
Anterior
toward the front of the body or the front surface of a structure
Aplasia
The defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
Bloodborne transmission
The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
Caudal
relating to the tail or the hind part of the body
Cephalic
Head
Chromosomes
thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells
Communicable disease
Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another by either direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
Congenital disorder
An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
Cytoplasm
the fluid that fills a cell, containing organelles and other cell parts
Distal
Location away from the center of the body
Dorsal
relating to the back or upper side of an organism
Dysplasia
Abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Endemic
Refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
Endocrine glands
An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body
Epidemic
A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
Epigastric region
the upper central region of the abdomen
Etiology
The study of the causes of disease
Exocrine glands
release (secrete) substances through openings (ducts) onto your body surfaces
Functional disorder
A condition that produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
Genetic disorder
A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
Geriatrician
a medical doctor who is specially trained to meet the unique healthcare needs of older adults, both while sick in the hospital as well as in the outpatient setting
Hemophilia
A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
Histology
the study of tissues and their structure at the cellular and molecular level
Homeostasis
The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells
Hypertrophy
A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not in the number of cells in the tissue
Hypogastric region
located in the medial lower abdomen at the pelvis or suprapubic area
Hypoplasia
The incomplete development of an organ tissue
Iatrogenic illness
An unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
Idiopathic disorder
An illness without known cause
Infectious disease
An illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
Inguinal
the area where the lower abdomen meets the upper thigh
Medial
toward the middle or center
Mesentery
a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place
Midsagittal plane
A vertical plane through the longitudinal axis of the body or part of the body, dividing it into right and left parts
Nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
Pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
Pelvic cavity
the space enclosed between the two pelvic bones
Peritoneum
The tissue that lines the abdominal wall and covers most of the organs in the abdomen
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
Phenylketonuria
a genetic disorder in which an essential digestive enzyme is missing
Physiology
the study of how the human body works
Posterior
the back side of things
Proximal
a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part
Retroperitoneal
posterior to the peritoneum and exterior to the peritoneal cavity
Stem cells
A cell that can divide to form more stem cells as well as giving rise to specialized cells
Thoracic cavity
chest cavity
Transverse plane
horizontal plane
Umbilicus
a depressed point in the middle of the abdomen
Vector-borne transmission
the spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector (insects or animal that are capable of transmitting a disease)
Ventral
Pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure
