Ch 4 Intro to LEVs Flashcards
What is a deep vein?
Vein that is a companion vessel to an artery + travels within the deep muscular part of the leg
What is a perforating vein?
Small vein that connects the deep + superficial venous systems
What is a superficial vein?
Vein that is superior to the muscular parts of the leg + does NOT have a companion artery
The EIA becomes the ___ artery?
CFA
The CFA divides into what 2 arteries?
Superficial femoral + profunda femoris artery (aka deep femoral artery)
The superficial FA becomes the ___ artery?
Popliteal
(this artery courses behind the knee in the popliteal fossa)
Where is the profunda femoris/deep FA located compared to the superficial FA?
Posterior + lateral
The popliteal artery bifurcates into what in the upper calf?
Anterior tibial artery + tibial-peroneal trunk
What does the tibial-peroneal trunk bifurcate into?
Posterior tibial + peroneal arteries
The anterior tibial artery becomes the ___ artery at the ankle?
Dorsalis pedis artery
The posterior tibial artery becomes the ___ arteries?
Medial + lateral planter arteries
The arteries of the foot include the ___ ___?
Plantar arch - the metatarsal arteries arise off the plantar arch, which then divide into the digital arteries
(plantar arch = metatarsal arteries = digital arteries)
Many of the collaterals that bypass the superficial femoral or popliteal artery occlusions arise from the ___ ___ artery?
Profunda FA
(the lateral circumflex FA can also act as a collateral)
The veins of the leg have both ___ + ___ systems?
Deep + superficial
The superficial venous system includes which veins?
The reticular veins, GSV (medial), SSV (posteriorly up calf) + their tributaries
What is the longest vein in the body?
GSV
The GSV terminates + empties into the CFV at which junction?
The saphenofemoral junction
The SSV terminates + drains into the popliteal vein at what junction in 70% of people?
The saphenopopliteal function
How many variations are there for SSV termination?
4 (they all have to do with the location of the popliteal vein, medial gastrocnemis veins + SSV)
The deep venous system in the lower extremity includes?
Anterior + posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, popliteal vein + femoral veins
The plantar veins in the foot unite to form the paired ___ ___ veins?
Posterior tibial veins (runs with the PT artery)
The paired peroneal veins ascend up the calf with the ___ ___?
Peroneal artery
Two-thirds up the calf the peroneal veins join the posterior tibial veins to form the ___ ___?
Tibio-peroneal trunk
The ATVs unite with the tibio-peroneal trunk veins to form the ___ vein?
Popliteal vein
The popliteal vein lies medial or lateral to the popliteal artery?
Medial
Above the adductor canal, the PV becomes the ___ vein?
FV (which runs beside the superficial FA to the groin)
The deep/profunda femoral vein + femoral veins unite to form the ___ ___ vein?
CFV
The CFV becomes the ___ ___ vein as it crosses the inguinal ligament?
External iliac vein
Contraction of the calf muscles can generate pressures greater than ___ mm Hg?
200 (this forces blood upward back towards the heart in both deep + superficial veins)
With the calf muscle pump, which veins have their valves closed to prevent reflux or retrograde flow?
The perforating veins (closed at rest + contraction, open during relaxation)
What are primary varicose veins?
Varicose veins that develop in the absence of a DVT
What m/c causes primary varicose veins?
Incompetent valves in the CFV + GSV
(the calf muscle pump still works, except it causes blood to fall back down via the superficial veins)
What are secondary varicose veins?
Varicose veins that develop due to chronic post thrombotic changes (post DVT)
(the deep, superficial + perforating veins are incompetent, causing blood to go distally)
Which veins may function as collaterals when secondary varicose veins are present?
The superficial veins
How does venous stasis ulcers occur?
-Increased venous pressure (venous hypertension) causes distention + pressure of capillaries
-This causes an opening b/w the endothelial cells in the capillary walls
-Plasma proteins move out + into the tissue
-Fibrin formation around the capillaries decreases O2 transfer + causes tissue ischemia, which causes ulceration
Why do varicose veins form during pregnancy?
-B/c the IVC + iliac veins can become compressed due to the enlarged uterus when lying supine
(m/c 3rd trimester)
-Hormonal factors cause veins to be more compliant
-Pregnancy does not cause them, the increased venous pressure + distension does
Increased pressure + compliant veins = venous distension + decreased velocity of return flow to heart
