Ch 10 Cerebrovascular Intro Flashcards
What are the carotid arteries?
Principal arteries supplying head + neck
What is the carotid bulb?
Slight dilation involving distal CCA, prox ICA + often prox ECA
What is the vertebral artery?
Secondary arteries supplying head + neck
What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
Episode of stroke like neurologic symptoms that lasts for a few mins or for several hours
-Resolves completely
-Due to temporary interruption of blood supply to brain in the distribution of a cerebral artery
What is amaurosis fugax?
Painless temporary loss of vision in 1 or both eyes
Where do the CCA’s originate from?
RT CCA: from brachiocephalic artery (1st branch of Ao arch)
LT CCA: 2nd branch off the Ao arch
What is the course of the CCA’s?
They ascend the neck laterally + bifurcate into the ICA + ECA at the 4th cervical vertebrae
What does the ICA supply?
Most of blood to brain + eyes
Explain the location + anatomy of the ICA?
-Lies posterior + LATERAL to ECA
-No extracranial branches
List the 3 segments the ICA is divided into?
Cervical: begins at carotid bif + extends to base of skull
Petrous: inside the petrous part of the temporal bone
Intracranial: the ophthalmic artery is the 1st major branch of the intracranial segment of the ICA. It terminates into 4 different arteries in the brain.
What does the ECA supply?
Face + neck
Explain the location + anatomy of the ECA?
-Anterior + MEDIAL to ICA
-Has 8 major branches
What are the branches off the ECA?
-1st branch off is the superficial thyroid
-Anterior branches include the superior thyroid, lingual + facial arteries
-Posterior branches include the posterior auricular, occipital + ascending pharyngeal arteries
What does the ECA terminate into?
The internal maxillary + superficial temporal arteries
The vertebral arteries arise off what?
The subclavian arteries
(they ascend the neck through the foramina in the TRV processes of the cervical vertebra)
The vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through what?
The foramen magnum
The vertebral arteries join to form the ___ artery?
The basilar artery
Function of the vertebral arteries?
Assist the ICA’s in supplying the brain with blood flow
What is the circle of willis?
-An arrangement of branches of the ICA + vertebral arteries
-Provides a collateral network to maintain cerebral perfusion in the event of disease
How are the RT + LT anterior cerebral arteries interconnected?
Via the anterior communicating artery
How are the RT + LT posterior cerebral arteries interconnected?
Via the posterior communicating arteries
Venous drainage of the head + neck includes what veins?
EJV, IJV + vertebral veins
The EJV returns blood from where?
From portions of the cranial cavity, face + neck
The EJV flows into the ___ vein?
Subclavian vein
The IJV collects blood from where?
Brain and superficial parts of face + neck
The IJV unites with the subclavian vein to form the ___ veins?
Brachiocephalic (innominate) veins
What forms the vertebral vein?
Numerous small tributaries of the internal vertebral venous plexuses
The vertebral vein emerges from the 6th cervical vertebra + empties into the ___ vein?
Brachiocephalic vein
What collateral pathway is the best known + most important?
Circle of Willis
List collateral pathways in the cerebrovascular system, besides the circle of willis?
-Superior thyroid, lingual, ascending pharyngeal + maxillary arteries will carry blood supplied from the ECA across midline to the other ECA
-Occipital artery of the ECA can collateralize with the vertebray artery
-Some pathways connect branches of the ECA with parts of the ICA, via the nasal arteries feeding into the ophthalamic artery
