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MIDS 237 > Ch 10 Cerebrovascular Intro > Flashcards

Ch 10 Cerebrovascular Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What are the carotid arteries?

A

Principal arteries supplying head + neck

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2
Q

What is the carotid bulb?

A

Slight dilation involving distal CCA, prox ICA + often prox ECA

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3
Q

What is the vertebral artery?

A

Secondary arteries supplying head + neck

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4
Q

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A

Episode of stroke like neurologic symptoms that lasts for a few mins or for several hours
-Resolves completely
-Due to temporary interruption of blood supply to brain in the distribution of a cerebral artery

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5
Q

What is amaurosis fugax?

A

Painless temporary loss of vision in 1 or both eyes

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6
Q

Where do the CCA’s originate from?

A

RT CCA: from brachiocephalic artery (1st branch of Ao arch)

LT CCA: 2nd branch off the Ao arch

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7
Q

What is the course of the CCA’s?

A

They ascend the neck laterally + bifurcate into the ICA + ECA at the 4th cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

What does the ICA supply?

A

Most of blood to brain + eyes

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9
Q

Explain the location + anatomy of the ICA?

A

-Lies posterior + LATERAL to ECA
-No extracranial branches

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10
Q

List the 3 segments the ICA is divided into?

A

Cervical: begins at carotid bif + extends to base of skull

Petrous: inside the petrous part of the temporal bone

Intracranial: the ophthalmic artery is the 1st major branch of the intracranial segment of the ICA. It terminates into 4 different arteries in the brain.

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11
Q

What does the ECA supply?

A

Face + neck

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12
Q

Explain the location + anatomy of the ECA?

A

-Anterior + MEDIAL to ICA
-Has 8 major branches

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13
Q

What are the branches off the ECA?

A

-1st branch off is the superficial thyroid

-Anterior branches include the superior thyroid, lingual + facial arteries
-Posterior branches include the posterior auricular, occipital + ascending pharyngeal arteries

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14
Q

What does the ECA terminate into?

A

The internal maxillary + superficial temporal arteries

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15
Q

The vertebral arteries arise off what?

A

The subclavian arteries

(they ascend the neck through the foramina in the TRV processes of the cervical vertebra)

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16
Q

The vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity through what?

A

The foramen magnum

17
Q

The vertebral arteries join to form the ___ artery?

A

The basilar artery

18
Q

Function of the vertebral arteries?

A

Assist the ICA’s in supplying the brain with blood flow

19
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

-An arrangement of branches of the ICA + vertebral arteries
-Provides a collateral network to maintain cerebral perfusion in the event of disease

20
Q

How are the RT + LT anterior cerebral arteries interconnected?

A

Via the anterior communicating artery

21
Q

How are the RT + LT posterior cerebral arteries interconnected?

A

Via the posterior communicating arteries

22
Q

Venous drainage of the head + neck includes what veins?

A

EJV, IJV + vertebral veins

23
Q

The EJV returns blood from where?

A

From portions of the cranial cavity, face + neck

24
Q

The EJV flows into the ___ vein?

A

Subclavian vein

25
Q

The IJV collects blood from where?

A

Brain and superficial parts of face + neck

26
Q

The IJV unites with the subclavian vein to form the ___ veins?

A

Brachiocephalic (innominate) veins

27
Q

What forms the vertebral vein?

A

Numerous small tributaries of the internal vertebral venous plexuses

28
Q

The vertebral vein emerges from the 6th cervical vertebra + empties into the ___ vein?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

29
Q

What collateral pathway is the best known + most important?

A

Circle of Willis

30
Q

List collateral pathways in the cerebrovascular system, besides the circle of willis?

A

-Superior thyroid, lingual, ascending pharyngeal + maxillary arteries will carry blood supplied from the ECA across midline to the other ECA

-Occipital artery of the ECA can collateralize with the vertebray artery

-Some pathways connect branches of the ECA with parts of the ICA, via the nasal arteries feeding into the ophthalamic artery

MIDS 237 (23 decks)

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